20하나9 1 중간고사 마무리 단계 방법 좋네요

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​ ​ ​, 인천 논현동의 내신 수능 절대 강자 KNS, 연세대)영어 ​ 남 동사리 영어 전교 1등 1등급 ​ 송 천고 영어 전교 1등 1등급 ​ 농효은코 영어 전교 1등 1등급 ​ 코쟈은코 영어 1등급 ​, 인천 논현동 4개교 1등급 학생들과 전교 1등의 학생들이 ​ 다니고 실적과 결과로 증명되어 보이​, 인천 논현동의 영어 시험을 완벽 대비 KNS, 연세대)영어로 ​의 대 비법을 일러줍니다.학교별 기출문제는 저작권이 있으므로 모자이크 처리하였으니 양해바랍니다.일 중간고사, 어떻게 준비할까?? ●"일재학교별 기출문제를 완벽하게 파악하자"

​ ​에 새 학년 1중간 시험이 눈앞에 다가왔다. 대학 입시에서 수시로 비중이 큰 만큼 고삼은 대학 수학 능력 시험(수능) 못지않게, 내신 성적도 신경을 써야 한다. 어떻게 하면 효과적으로 중간고사 준비를 할 수 있을까? 입시전문업체 진학사의 협조를 받아 국어, 영어, 수학 등 주요 과목을 중심으로 중간고사의 "대 노하우"를 알아보고 있다.대부분의 학교에서 수능 관련 교재인 'EBS수능 특강'을 이용해 수업이 진행된다. 물론 문제 유형이 수능과 같다고는 할 수 없지만 많은 고등학교에서 학생들의 고비를 줄이기 위해 수능과 같은 형식으로 문제를 낸다. 국어의 경우, 문제에 등장한 지문의 스토리를 정확히 파악할 수 있어야 우수한 성적을 받을 수 있다. 수능에서는 EBS 연계교재의 지문을 "너"로 활용하는 것보다 스토리를 변형하거과인 주제를 차용해서 문제를 내는데, 내신에서는 그런 경우가 드물다. 그래서 스토리를 이해하지 못하는 독서지문과인 고전문학, 현대시의 경우는 수업스토리과 EBS 강의를 반복해서 공부해 정확하게 자신의 것으로 만들어야 한다. 지문을 제대로 이해하고 있는지를 파악하기 위해 다양한 문제를 풀어봐도 좋다. '수능 특강 독서'는 세로프게 지문으로 구성되어 기출 문제를 풀 기회가 부족하기 때문에 이야기 이해를 첫번째 목표에 두고 여유가 있으면 수능 독서 영역 기출 문제를 제한 시간 내에 푸는 식으로 공부하도록 하고 있다. 잘못된 문제는 스스로 정답에 대한 증거를 찾는 습관을 들인다.영어도 국어처럼 문장을 제대로 해석하는 능력을 갖춰야 한다. 이를 위해서는 단어 암기가 우선시 되어야 한다. 또, 문장의 한가한데도 해석이 어려운 문장은 따로 정리해서 분석하고 반복해서 복습하도록 한다. 입시전략조사소 우영철 평가팀장은 "EBS 교재를 응용한 문제를 풀어볼 것을 권한다"며 "같은 문제가 출제되지는 않겠지만 과인의 공부 상태를 조사하고 내신에 대비하는 데는 반드시 도움이 될 것"이라고 설명했다.수학 영역은 어떻게 공부하면 좋을까? 수학에서도 내신과 수능준비가 따로 없다. 그러나, 내신은 수능에 비해 시험 범위가 좁은 편이라 중간고사를 앞두고 수능과 대신 한가한데, 어디에 초점을 맞출지 정해 공부시간을 조정할 필요가 있다. 시험을 보는 과목·범위는 학교별 교육과정에 따라 다르다. 인문계열은 확률과 통계를, 자연계열은 기하와 벡터 과목을 시험범위로 하는 경우가 많다. 이 중 확률과 통계에서는 순열, 조합 등 확률 분야를 시험 범위에 둘 가능성이 크지만 다양한 문제를 풀어 어떤 공식을 이용하는지 습관을 들인다. 기하와 벡터는 중간고사에서 일반적으로 2차곡선과 평면벡터 등의 스토리를 다룬다. 개념을 확실히 이해하고 있으면 해결 가능한 문제가 많기 때문에 막연하게 '어렵다'고 소견하기 보다는 개념을 정확하게 습득하기 위해 노력한다.우 평가팀장은 学生학생부 종합전형에서는 학생부 내의 여러 기록을 바탕으로 학업 역량을 평가하기 때문에 정확하게 성적이 향상되어야 좋은 평가를 받는 것은 아니다. 다만 3학년 1학기 성적이 향상하는 모습을 보이면 학업의 역량 이관 발전 가능성 면에서 긍정적인 평가를 받는 데 도움이 될 것"이라고 설명했다.게다가, 본방송과 같이 알아야 할 것도 전했다. 공부할 분량만 채우면 스스로 만족할 만한 거과인 위로를 하는 학생들이 많은데 적어도 시험 준비를 할 때만큼은 그런 소견에서 friend 어과여야 한다는 것이었다. '오한상 그렇듯 나를 공부한 스토리 중 모르는 부분은 없나? '누가 나에게 어떤 질문을 던져도 잘 설명해줄 것인가?'라는 물음을 스스로 던져야 한다. 조금이라도 의심스러운 부분이 있다면 간과하지 말고 다시 공부해야 한다. 공부할 때 어색했던 부분이 너로 시험 문제로 부과될 수도 있기 때문이다. 우 평가팀장은 "실수로 틀렸다는 문제를 자세히 살펴보면 실력이 부족하기 때문"이라며 "평소에 실수로 누군가를 다시 한번 돌아보고 더 철저히 준비해야 만족스러운 결과를 얻을 수 있다"고 조언했다.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1강 문의 목적 파악 1. 소재:세로프게 암 치료법 시행을 위한 기부 요청 1)To get this treatment up and running this year, we are hoping that you would consider supporting us with$10,000.2)We know that you will find your greatest reward in the knowledge that you have blessed countless young lives.3)Your generous donations have made such a difference in the lives of little children who have been stricken with cancer.4)Now, as cancer research has progressed, we have the opportunity to introduce an exciting and세로프게 ly proven treatment that promises to save even more young lives.5)They might not know your names, but we know that many of our patients can run around in the sunshine now, happy and care무료, because of you. 6)To meet this need, we ask that you make an initial donation of half that amount followed by a final donation by the end of November.We thank you once again for all you have done in the past, and appreciate your consideration of this세로프게 request.2. 소재, 카피 라이터, 구인 광고에 대한 편지 Dear Sir or Madam:1)Much of my work has been crafted for the following clients:Macmillan Reference Library, Watson Guptill Publications, Hawaii University Press, and Arcade Fashion&Lifestyle Magazine.I have confidence in my ability to produce powerful, gripping copy for your organization.2)I am writing in response to your advertisement in the Columbia Journal Classifieds for a copywriter.I am a copywriter with 8 years'experience of conceptualizing and producing engaging copy for catalogs, annual reports, brochures and all types of collateral material.3)My experience allows me to complete any project from concept to the final stages at a fast pace to meet deadlines, and to package it for the Web. Ilook forward to hearing from you. Thank you for your time and consideration.4)In addition, my writing abilities have helped me create original works of art for clients like Mead Coated Papers and Oxford Healthcare.I am knowledgeable about MS Word and WordPerfect, as well as both Macintosh and PC platforms. Yours sincerely, Raleigh Collins 3. 소재:땅 공동 태양광 발전 프로그램 1)Residents in the Town of Whately now have the exclusive opportunity to sign up for a regional community shared solar farm being built in the town by Nexamp, the veteran-founded and Massachusetts-based solar provider.2)Do you want to save on electricity costs through solar power but can't or don't want to put panels on your roof?3)To learn more about how you can save while supporting local sources of re세로프게 able energy, visit www.SolarizingtheBill.com or call 600-445-2124 to speak with a member of the Nexamp community solar team. 4)By subscribing to a share of the clean electricity generated by a local community solar project, participants can directly offset their electric bill and save on electricity costs with no upfront investment or long-term commitment.5)Through Nexamp's Solarize My Bill community solar program, Whately households and businesses can take advantage of the environmental and economic benefits of going solar without installing solar panels on their property.4. 소재:방송 스토리우에 받은 항의에 대한 사과 Dear Mr.Rivera:1)As we discussed in our meeting, it was never our intent to misrepresent images of your community, and the show in question no longer airs on ABS.2)ABS is known for the diversity of its characters, and over the years we have been continually recognized by multiple groups for stories that challenge stereotypes and bring different perspectives and voices to the screen.3)The heartfelt passion for portraying more positive images of the Puerto Rican community was certainly heard by our executives.4)We apologize for any inadvertent offense taken and can assure you that we will continue to strive to reflect the vast diversity of our audience with respect and, where appropriate, with self-deprecating humor.5)I want to thank you for bringing members of"Puerto Ricans for a Positive Image"to the오메리카 n Broadcasting System(ABS)this week to meet with me and otheAr BS senior executives. Thank you again for meeting with us and for voicing your concerns.Sincerely, Victoria Howard 2강 분위기-심경-어조 파악 1. 소재:night이 되면 거실에 모여서 밤까지 말을 나 누구던 여름 밤에 대한 회상 1)As daylight faded from the sky, the lamps in the room would be turned on, and the gas fire would be lit.2)In the evenings, clutching cups of tea and plates of supper, we would gather in the chintz armchairs in the sitting room.3)Always keeping a wary eye on the overweight, but ever-hungry dogs and our supper, we would settle down to talk well into the night.4)Then, some time after midnight, with the two dogs gently snoring in their favourite armchairs, we would yawningly creep up to our beds.5)I learnt a lot of my family's history during those long summer evenings.6)The four of us would sit talking, and I would ask so many questions that even Daphne, with her sharp memory and fund of family stories, could not always answer them.2. 소재:미래에 살고 싶은 농가를 둘러보기 위한 자유로운 여행 On a Saturday in the fall of 2009, when Brandon and I were assessing the possibilities for a무료 and unscheduled day, we decided to go shopping for our dream farmhouse.1)They gave us questioning looks, inquisitively pleading,"but where are we going?"Once strapped into their car seats they were only interested in the destination.2)After packing a few books and toys to occupy kids, we went shopping for our dream farmhouse.3)We were hoping for something magical, something we could wrap our arms around and take home with us 4)Of course, we did not have a destination and we refrained from sharing that bit of information.5)So we packed a lunch for the kids and informed them we were going on an adventure.6)We had both been feeling ready for something세로프게. We were feeling the same excitement that our children have at nightfall, looking into the darkness trying to find a firefly to catch.3. 소재:수달과 망그와잉 모두 1)When I started to spend time in the region, I began hearing stories about sea otters.These days, the otters aren't so few and far between.2)They weren't close, and the rough waves made it hard to seebut in that moment I k 새 개 what it was to have a dream come true 3)It was a reminder that things can change, that species can recover, and that things can change, that species can recover, and that I could let go of some of the concern for the otters that I'd been holding inside since I was a girl.4)In fact, when I confessed my lifelong dream of someday seeing a sea otter, people almost laughed at me!There are lots, I was told, along the outer coast.5)Finally, my moment came. I was on a small boat and there they were,their dark. heads sticking out above the white water where the waves were crashing up against the rocky coastline.4. 소재:출판에 도움을 준 사람들에 대한 감사 1)I have recommended many of their works in the suggestions for further reading that follow each entry and in the general suggestions that conclude the volume. 2)My deepest debts for this work are owed to those who have preceded me in establishing food studies as an accepted discipline.3)A more welcoming and nurturing group of scholars cannot be imagined.4)Writers can feel achingly alone, but I am tremendously fortunate to be part of wonderfully supportive scholarly, academic, and family groups.5)But I have also benefited from the personal support and encouragement of many individuals— too many to name here— at gatherings such as the conference of the Association for the Study of Food and Society and the Oxford Symposium of Food and Cookery.6)In countless ways, this work would not be possible without theirs.3강 요지 주장 파악 1. 소재: 어린 아이의 관점에서 몸을 바라보며 1)Three-year-olds don't have to deal with the same rules and realities adults do.2)That's why they're famous for writing on walls— you see a perfectly painted living room that shouldn't be touched;they see a blank canvas.3)For that reason alone, it's valuable to imagine yourself acting as you would if you were just a child:무료 spirited, boundless, uncontrollably creative,and unafraid to try세로프게things. 4)They see possibilities where the rest of us see rules, boundaries, or impossibilities.5)Because of that, children tend to be more imaginative and creative with their ideas.6)Even if it's just for 30 minutes, seeing life from the angle of a semi-careless child can give you a세로프게 perspective on how you spend your time and deal with household problems or work challenges.2. 소재:현지어를 활용한 교육의 선행 조건 1)Basic pedagogical and reference materials are needed, including textbooks, dictionaries and usable descriptive grammars.2)Some local communities reject this notion, wanting to preserve their oral traditions and to rely solely on them.3)Such materials are readily available for languages of wider communication, but not for the majority of local languages. In addition, reading material is need for literacy as well 4)There is, however, a cost to this decision, as it limits the domains in which the language can be used.Regardless, most regard literacy as essential for local languages.5)Most linguists and local community members agree that education and literacy in the local language are necessary to maintain vitality, or to revitalize a language threatened with endangerment.6)Yet more than half of all languages have no written form, and so a writing system needs to be developed for them in order to use them in education and literacy programs.3. 소재:노인의 특성 There is a misconception that older people belong to a special tribe, all with the same problems, opinions and attitudes.Yet older people are just as different from each other as are members of younger generational groups.1)There are differences formed by family backgrounds, education, careers and relationships. 2)They may have wisdom, good humour and tolerance, but are just as likely to be cantankerous, boring and narrow-minded.3)All these help shape a person's character and outlook on life.4)Like everyone else, the old are a mixed bunch, but each is an individual with their own particular interests and personality.5)This does not confer superior virtues on the elderly.6)How can it be otherwise in view of the wide range of different experiences everyone has as their life progresses from childhood to old age?4. 소재:가문의 사회적 기능 1)Deviance shows us the boundary, or line, that must not be crossed, highlighting not only the importance of the norm but its relative permissible zone for behavior.2)For example, if there is a rule that"food is not permitted in the classroom,"a person with the candy bar or bag of chips might not be admonished by the teacher;yet a person arriving to class with a fast-food meal experiences rebuke and ejection. 3)It strengthens group identity by separating the nonconforming from the well-behaved members centering on an agreement on the norms. 4)Others in the class now know where the line is drawn and can adjust their patterns of behavior accordingly.5)While we usually think negatively of deviance, it actually can prove functional in a society.Any hostility toward deviants promotes behavioral conformity with social expectations.6)We may be familiar with the phrase"the exception makes the rule."5. 소재:화천에 열린 자세 1)Things happen that are unexpected and unforeseen.Events in the world will alter the landscape.2)You can save yourself a lot of time and energy if, over the next few years, you give serious consideration to what is most important to you and what you want to do with your life.3)Anything you plan now will likely shift as you learn세로프게 things, develop세로프게 skills, and grow in세로프게 directions.In fact, it is imperative that you remain open to these changes.4)Opportunities will come your way that you never would have considered before.Friendships and networking will open up other possibilities.5)Your priorities and values will evolve as you gain 새로운 로프이고 experiences and are exposed to other options.6)Avoid the myth, however, that you are supposed to come up with some ambitious, detailed life plan and then follow it until the end of the rainbow.6. 소재:전직 시 고려할 사항 1)If you have a세로프게 job, and you are going to resign from your current job, may I make a common sense suggestion?2)I get chills up my spine when people do this or even consider it.3)For me, this is as much an issue of common sense as suggesting you should look both ways before crossing a street.4)There is still that chance something unforeseen could happen between the verbal offer and actuality.5)You should announce your intention to resign from the job only when you have in your possession a written and signed offer or employment contract, on company letterhead, with an accompanying start date for your 셀로게job. 6)Unless there is a very special circumstance, I strongly suggest you not resign from your current job with only the verbal agreement or an informal email telling you that you have the future job.7. 소재:현재의 성취하는 작은 성공의 의미 Whether you're a wrestler planning to win a league title next season, or a student with an entrepreneurial spirit who wants to start your own business and build a successful career, you need to plan the right steps.1)Success now breeds success later, even if the fields or venues change.Don't discount what you might consider"small"successes.2)Because once you learn the process, you can apply it in the field or area of your choice, where you want to use the gifts you have. 3)Michael Jordan's first step to basketball success was making his high school team after being cut earlier.4)And don't get caught up in thinking that any success you experience as a student has no bearing on, or relationship to, future success in the"real"world.You are in the"real"world-your world. 5)Your successes— however great or small— in academics, social clubs, fine arts, or sports can pave the way to future success.6)What's important at the moment is not how much you achieve, but how much you learn about the process of achieving.8. 소재:생물학적, 화천에 대한 한국의 대응 1)If not, this means we are fighting a battle we will inevitably lose. 2)If the answer to this second question is no, this means we are fighting battles we do not need to win.3)Whenever our urge is to fight a specific biological change, we should ask the following triplet of questions.Will our efforts have made much difference a few hundred years hence?4)If change is inevitable, which it is, we should then ask third question:how can we maximize the benefits that our descendants derive from the natural world? 5)Next, will our great-grandchildren's great-grandchildren be that bothered if the state of the world has been altered, given that they will not know exactly how it is today?6)In other words, how can we promote changes that might be favourable to the future human condition, as well as avoid the losses of species that might be important in unknown ways in future?4강 주제 파악 1. 소재:감사하는 감정의 기능 1)We are about to embark on creating one of the most important habits of all:gratitude.2)After conducting and reviewing hundreds of studies, the University of California, Berkeley, concluded that gratitude is one of the most reliable methods for increasing happiness and life satisfaction.3)It boosts feelings of optimism, joy, pleasure, and enthusiasm.It reduces anxiety and depression, strengthens the immune system, lowers blood pressure, reduces symptoms of illness, and makes us less bothered by aches and pains.4)It encourages us to exercise more and take better care of our health. Grateful people get more hours of sleep each night, spend less time awake before falling asleep, and feel more refreshed upon awakening.5)Gratitude makes people more resilient and helps them recover from traumatic events.2. 소재:꿈에서 얻는 것 1)There is something to be gained in remembering.We can feel more connected,more complete,and more on track. We can receive inspiration, information, and comf.ort.2)The great세로프게 s is that this is true whether or not we remember our dreams.3)Albert Einstein stated that his theory of relativity was inspired by a dream. In fact, he claimed that dreams were responsible for many of his discoveries.4)Many people report being inspired with a세로프게 approach for a problem upon awakening, even though they don't remember the specific dream.5)Asking why we dream makes as much sense as questioning why we breathe.Dreaming is an integral part of a healthy life.6)Some believe there is no value to dreams, but it is wrong to dismiss these nocturnal dramas as irrelevant.3. 소재:처음 첨단 기술에 대한 소비자의 거부감을 오전 춤추는 전략 1)Anthropomorphic thought can help remedy this skepticism and distrust, and is especially consequential in consumer-product interactions where being mindful and conscious are important criteria for evaluation and accountability.2)Today's rapidly changing technological landscape can represent a challenge for consumers who might lack trust in technology and be skeptical of its purported benefits.3)Moreover, participants in the simulated anthropomorphized vehicle felt less stressed from an observer's point of view, and in the event of an accident, were less likely to blame their vehicles.4)For example, in a vehicle simulation study, Waytz and colleagues found that participants reported higher levels of trust in autonomous vehicles(e.g.self-driving cars)that featured anthropomorphic cues(e.g.a name, gender, voice)than in those vehicles that lacked anthropomorphic cues.4. 소재:실패 위 홈이 어린 아이 디어에 중점을 두고 보상 Corporations establish rewards to drive performance.Often these rewards focus on meeting budgets and avoiding risk.1)The companies reward the speed at which low-risk products are created and marketed, even if they are hoping for radical세로프게 ideas.2)A badly designed measurement or reward system mutes the rest of the rules, even if optimally designed.3)Rewards of this type cause managers to invest in safe products that pose little chance of a big loss but also little chance of a big profit.4)The outcome is little appetite for risk and an overdose of incremental ideas.5)These rewards totally block any motivation to explore riskier paths.6)Interestingly, managers get frustrated with the outcome, blind to the behavior that the organization is explicitly or implicitly rewarding.5. 소재:가치와 현실 왜곡 Values and their supporting beliefs are lenses through which we see the world. 3)The views that these lenses provide are often of what life ought to be like, not what it is.1)For example, 오메리카 ns value individualism so highly that they tend to see almost everyone as무료 and equal in pursuing the goal of success.6)This value blinds them to the significance of the circumstances that keep people from achieving success.4)The dire consequences of family poverty, parents'low education, and dead-end jobs tend to drop from sight.5)Instead, 오메리카 ns see the unsuccessful as not taking advantage of opportunities, or as having some inherent laziness or dull minds.2)And they"know"they are right, because the mass media dangle before their eyes enticing stories of individuals who have succeeded despite the greatest of handicaps.6. 소재:무용수들이 겪는 부상의 원인 1)Working incorrectly just once usually won't hurt you;your body is quite resilient and can bounce back from some amount of abuse.2)I would guess that there are a few dancers who believe, as I once did, that injuries are caused primarily by accidents:slipping, tripping, running into someone or something, or forgetting to point your foot at the right instant and inadvertently twisting your ankle.3)But if you work incorrectly again and again, class after class, performance after performance, day after day, and year after year, your body— or some part of it— will finally give out.4)It will simply refuse to function anymore.5)The majority of injuries are caused— and prevented— by how you work at your dancing, consistently and over time.6)But the longer I've danced, the more I've understood that accidents are quite rare as causes of dance injuries.7. 소재:그림 속의 색이 퇴색하는 과정 The answer to the question about the fading of colour in painting(and in fabric)is fairly simple.1)As the amount of coloured pigment in a given area on a canvas gradually diminishes, so the colour seems to us, as onlookers, to fade.2)Ultraviolet radiation is a high energy form of light and, as sunbathers are only too aware, is present in ordinary daylight.3)So a given pigment doesn't actually change colour;it simply becomes weaker in the mix of pigments over time.4)Over time, ultraviolet radiation can gradually break up the molecules in pigment, leavin"gmaller, colourless molecules as products" 5)As with photolysis, this alters the structure of the molecule and, as a consequence, changes the manner in which it absorbs light of various colours.6)There is also a second process of degradation in which pigment molecules may react chemically with oxygen molecules in the atmosphere, a process known as oxidation.8. 소재:중력과 안정된 스포츠 자세 1)The location of the centre of gravity, or the point around which the mass or sum of gravitational forces is equally distributed or'balanced', is thus of vital importance in the performance of physical skills.2)Likewise, when those involved in a tug-of-war pull on the rope they try to lower their centre of gravity by leaning backwards and planting their feet well in front of them to increase stability and decrease their chances of being pulled forward by their opponents.3)Since the pull of gravity influences the stability of the body during the performance of physical activity, the balance or appropriate distribution of those gravitational forces upon the body is essential to promoting stability or'balance'.4)Thus when rugby players scrummage they attempt to get their body weight as low as possible to avoid being pushed backwards.5)We know that the lower the centre of gravity and the closer it is to the base of support, the more stable an object.5강 제목 파악 1. 소재:암 치료를 위한 유전자 배열의 조사 2)One of the next major waves of medical advancement will be in the development of genomic sequencing, which will help doctors sequence human DNA to discover the precise cause of an illness, and develop a specific treatment for it.5)Experts believe this process will be easy to commercialize relatively quickly, as sequencing gets cheaper.3)Using advances in genomic research, scientists are developing blood tests that can detect cancer, while also beginning to apply academic research to real-world scenarios.1)As researchers get better at identifying the specific genes that are mutating and causing cancer, drug companies will need to produce medications that address these problems more quickly.4)In the next decade, scientists expect to have more specialized"precision medicines"to treat cancer.2. 소재:생활의 어려움에 맞섬으로써 잠재력을 발휘하는 Though we cannot choose most of the challenges we face in life, we can choose how we're going to face them.1)That's the term psychologists use for becoming the person you are meant to be― actualize your potential. 2)That is what we mean by actualizing your potential, and being challenged presents you with the opportunities to do it.3)By doing that, you come to know yourself and to develop your innate capacities.4)Are we going to have a bad experience, crumble under the pressure, run away, or avoid challenges altogether?Or are we going to find the strength and inner resources to rise to the challenges and fully actualize our potential? 5)When you face the challenges before you right now, learn from them and grow with them, you become that person.6)Facing your teenage years in the right way will give you this opportunity.7)The challenges in your life require you to call on the inner resources residing deep inside you.3. 소재:가격 정보원으로서 소셜 미디어 1)Social media facilitates price comparison on the part of consumers, thus making them more aware of online(and in-store)discounts and subsequently encouraging consumer price sensitivity.2)What makes the social media space even more effective is the fact that not only do marketers have a세로프게 medium through which to share pricing and promotion information, but quite often it is one's own친구 s, family or other connections who are passing along price and promotion information from brands.3)When deals are activated by a consumer, he/she is given the opportunity to share their deal experience with specific individuals via email or more broadly via social media platforms. 4)Given the influence of word-of-mouth information, this is even more impactful as a source.4. 소재:'소매 드라마'로 쇼핑 센터에서 쇼핑 1)In certain malls, there is a fair amount of sunlight that comes in from a central skylight or a few strategically placed skylights. 2)The notion of shopping as theater or"retail drama"kicks in at this point.3)This concept is carried forth in a phenomenal way;if the shoppers and others are"part of the cast"there is the archway as a stage, and the ability to try on"costumes,"touch"props"and in general, engage in the dramatic ritual of shopping.4)"The idea,"according to Laura Byrne Paquet,"is to replicate the artificial feeling of a theater or a Hollywood소리 stage, where shoppers can be the stars of their own show."5)Most mall developers refuse to use the true outside world in any significant way, one fearing that this may encourage the shopper to want to leave the mall and go elsewhere— to another world.5. 소재:Great Bear Rainforest의 생태계 In the Great Bear Rainforest, the bears drag salmon into the forest, where insects and fungi turn the salmon into food for the trees, which then provide homes to birds in their branches and to wolves in dens under their roots.1)Sometimes wolves eat bears, but mostly they eat salmon and the deer that live among the big trees.2)Changes to one part of this ecosystem, even a small part, have consequences for everything else.3)Bears eat the berries and also insects such as ants and termites that live in the fallen log. 4)People also eat salmon and deer, and use the bark and wood of the cedar trees.5)Our future cannot be separated from the future of the insects of the soil and the frogs and salmon of the rainforest.6)When a tree falls over in a big windstorm, berry bushes grow on the fallen tree and insects decompose the wood.6. 소재: 좋은 연습을 가질 중요성 1)Developing conscious habits is a tool to achieve an integrated life.2)Developing good or productive habits and eliminating bad or destructive habits involves looking at what you need to implement in your life, as well as what you need to eliminate.3)Stephen Covey says,"Our character basically is a composite of our habits."4)Take a look at your habits and ask yourself what is moving you closer to your goals and what is moving you away from them.5)Understand that it takes 21 days to begin a세로프게 habit(that's 21 consecutive days, so yes, every time you do something세로프게...or choose not to...it does make a difference), so this relatively painful process of change isn't indefinite, it just takes a few weeks— and on the 22nd day, it will actually be harder for you to not do your세로프게 habit than it will be to continue doing it.6)Aristotle said,"We are what we repeatedly do.Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit."7. 소재:지속 가능한 패션 을 위해서 패션 산업이 나야 가방향 1)We suggest the shift should be directed towards nature.2)Discovery of the laws of zero waste in nature could then be mimicked in the production of fast-compostable textile fibres.3)We must try and discover the mechanisms that drive nature's incessant creation of organisms without piling up mountains of waste.4)Globalization drives the culture of fast fashion Currently, there is also a lightly different drive to promote the idea of transitioning to slow fashion.5)Therefore, a different approach to address the challenges facing sustainable fashion is absolutely necessary.6)Researchers have already begun the study of biodegradation, mineralization and biomass formation, which is nature's way of creating zero waste.7)Recycling and remanufacturing which do not equate with models in nature always lead to a question mark.8)However, this gradual shift requires time, measured not in months or years but in decades or generations.8. 소재:학령기 아이들에게 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다는 칭찬했던 1)Children accustomed to the background hum of praise seemed to become dependent on praise to initiate any activity.2)A child who was accustomed to classroom praise spent less time focusing on a project and soon stopped working to wait for a teacher's assessment.3)Praise that arouses delight and pride in a baby and toddler can have very different effects on older children, particularly in the classroom.4)Praise seemed to hinder concentration, too.5)When they were singing or playing an instrument, swimming or hitting a ball, or doing anything that involved deep skills run on autopilot, their performance was particularly badly affected by praise.6)Children's absorption in a task(often called flow)seemed to be disrupted by the reminder that someone was watching. 7)When Roy Baumeister studied the effects of praise, he found that it generated more anxiety than pleasure in school-aged children.7베스트 스토리 일치의 불일치 1소재:세계에서 가장 큰 민물고기인 아마존 강의 피라루쿠 The pirarucu is one of the largest freshwater fish in the world at up to ten feet long and weighing more than four hundred pounds.That's a true river monster!Because of its size, it is called arapaima, or"dragon fish."1)This helps it survive in the muddy lakes of the Amazon, where little oxygen is available.2)Even the pirarucu's tough scales are considered valuable and are used as files, like sandpaper.3)But the pirarucu is endangered.To make sure this gorgeous giant will be around for a long time tocome, only certain native people are allowed to catch a limited number of pirarucu each year 4)The pirarucu is one of the native fishermen's favorite meals.Every part of the fish is eaten.5)All fish can breathe in water, right?Not this one.6)Unlike most fish, which use their gills to take in oxygen from water, the pirarucu needs to come to the surface about every ten minutes to breathe air.2. 소재:고대 그리스의 공연장 Epidaurus극장 1)Greek drama, including tragedies and comedies, was performed in outdoor spaces like the Theater at Epidaurus.2)The Theater at Epidaurus was an example of ancient Greek civic architecture meant to be enjoyed by the general public.3)At the heart of the theater was the circular orchestra, the central performance area.4)The design of the Theater at Epidaurus is so effective that it is still in use today, and the acoustics are so perfect that no electrified소리 system is needed when performances are held at the site.5)Fifty-five rows of semicircular tiered seats were carved into a hillside, which allowed as many as fourteen thousand spectators a good view of the orchestra.6)The art of the theater was an important part of ancient Greek culture and religion, as religious ceremonies were incorporated with뮤직 and dance, and performed in public spaces.8강 어법 정확성 파악, 1. 소재:아이들이 friend를 사귀고 있는 다양한방식 Children learn a great many useful life lessons from친구 ship problems.It is, almost always, a mistake to step in too soon to protect them from this— sometimes literally— hands-on learning.1)Children are different from each other and different from their parents.2)Some will be content with serial best친구 s, just one or two of them at a time, and are not, therefore, invited to all the parties but are content.3)These children will often have passions and interests that they can follow intently at home and may find the general play of the playground dull.4)Some prefer to have, or simply end up with, a larger group of친구 s with no one person standing out as a special친구. 5)And some children are quite happy with few, or no, particular친구 s.6)It is also a mistake to assume that every child, either boy or girl, is going to have the same pattern of친구 s as you do.2. 소재:타인의 시선에 흔들리지 않는 비결 1)One person, looking us up and down, makes us feel smaller for having what we have and dressing in what we wear.2)Have you ever been to an event and had someone else's reaction make you feel totally out of place?3)If this person is willing to judge others so harshly, though, imagine how often she judges herself.4)If you know who you are, such a person will not be able to tear you down by simply projecting her insecurity onto you.5)At the beginning of the evening you felt spectacular, but one strange look or slight awkward laugh made you feel that you had commited a fashion sin.Who hasn't been in that position?6)You will never feel the need to win the affection of such a person if you are content with what you have under your clothes and under your skin.3. 소재:기존 이념에 대한 화천의 정신을 그 다음이라고 있는 비엔날레 1)Today biennales are the centre stage for contemporary art in the art world. 2)For instance, when asked'What makes a biennial?'world-renowned curator Rosa Martinez answered that'The idea biennial is a profoundly political and spiritual event.3)We might even say that biennales are perceived as trendsetters, or predictors of intercultural flows that focus on the political nature of art in a global setting.4)It contemplates the present with the desire to transform it', and is indicative of a larger social, political and economic flow within contemporary society.5)The desire to overturn previous political and theoretical structures is central to the discussions around contemporary biennales.6)Not only do they showcase and discuss the nature of our contemporary life, but they also differ from the modern world fairs, because they explicitly project multiple fractured histories andidentities.4. 소재:영장류 사회에서 젊은 수컷 동료 집단의 기능 Peer groups of young males in nonhuman primate societies, called bachelor groups, serve a variety of functions.1)Young males may travel together separately from or on the edge of a large troop of monkeys— either of which affords them more protection than traveling alone.2)They also hunt cooperatively and share the food,and groom one another in deference to rank or coalition partnership.3)They may patrol their home range together to deter males from other groups from getting into their community.4)In squirrel monkeys males approaching breeding age become social outcasts;their mothers and sisters want nothing to do with them. 5)In species such as langurs and rhesus monkeys, groups of young males commonly depart together in search of a세로프게 living community.6)Peer groups function differently for male chimpanzees, who don't emigrate.5. 소재:세로프게 관념에 대한 태도 1)Even after people learned the scientific method, many still pursued and believed in really weird things, and many old ideas died hard deaths.2)Even after it was discovered and documented that washing hands drastically reduced deadly fevers, the idea took a while to catch on. 3)In a world that had already invented the telephone and the lightbulb, hand-washing to prevent sickness met enough resistance that doctors argued about it for decades.4)It was just too revolutionary, too weird.5)It's hard to believe, but even simple things such as washing your hands to prevent infection were not fully accepted by the medical community until relatively recently on the human timeline.6)The idea of germs and microscopic organisms challenged a variety of other ideas, including that the source of disease was probably linked to things that stank, which was sort of true when you thought about it.6. 소재:1980년대 빈곤 국가의 현실 The 1980s, a time of true global interdependence, was a lost decade for many economically disadvantaged countries.1)Despite consistent reductions in mortality rates and other disease burdens, a marked deterioration in living conditions occurred in many countries.2)In several regions, most notably Latin오메리카 and sub-Saharan Africa, advances in health care and education eroded.3)Unemployment rates rose in many parts of the world, as did the global poverty rate.4)By 1989, one out of five people was living in"absolute poverty,"which the World Bank defines as suffering from malnutrition to the point of being unable to work.5)By the end of the 1980s, low-income countries had accumulated a debt of$1.3 trillion.6)Crippled by massive debt burdens, many countries saw their growth rates slow and living standards decrease.7. 소재:사람들이 신뢰와 충실함을 갖게 되는 이유 Companies that inspire, companies that command trust and loyalty over the long term, are the ones that make us feel we're accomplishing something bigger than just saving a dollar.1)It's why some of us will always buy products from a certain brand over other brands, even if the brand isn't always the most affordable choice.2)If we were, no one would ever fall in love and no one would ever start a business.3)Faced with an overwhelming chance of failure, no rational person would ever take either of those risks.4)That feeling of alliance with something bigger is the reason we keep wearing the jersey of our hometown sports team even though they have not made it to the playoffs for ten years.5)But we do.Every day.Because how we feel about something or someone is more powerful than what we think about it or them.6)Whether we like to admit it or not, we are not entirely rational beings.8. 소재:기억력의 신장 기법 1)The more improbable and emotionally charged the images the better, as our brains evolved to pay special attention to those features.2)Ironically, some of the most powerful techniques for boosting your memory are also the oldest.3)By turning facts into mental images, and imagining them along a route of locations, you can harness these natural memory powers to remember almost anything you like.4)Rhythm and rhyme are potent memory boosters.5)This explains why you might find it hard to remember the periodic table of elements, yet your memory banks are overflowing with old ad jingles!6)Under the umbrella term'Mnemonics'(it has a silent'M'), these involve tapping into the fact that our brains have evolved to deal very well with both visual images and spatial locations.7)Another part of your imagination that can boost your memory is your·뮤직 al sense.9강 어휘의 적절성 파악 1. 소재:남 아프리카 공화국의 인종 차별 정책과 스포츠 Racially, South Africa is a nation deeply divided.Sport has helped to break down this division, at least in part.1)One reason for the favorable vote was South African President FWde Klerk's warning that failure to pass the measure would return the country to isolation in business and sport.2)Its apartheid racial policies had made it a pariah country in everything from politics to sports for three decades.3)When the whites in South Africa held an election to decide whether to put an end to apartheid, 69 percent voted to give up their privilege, marking a rare peaceful transition of power.4)Subsequently, South Africa has been allowed to compete in the Olympics and in other worldwide competitions, especially in rugby, which is very important to its people.5)With apartheid undone, South Africans could once again show their athletic ability.6)This was a compelling argument for many whites.7)South Africa had last participated in the Olympics in 1960 and had been barred since then from international competition.2. 소재, 희박한 공기가 스포츠의 수행에 미치는 영향 1)In Mexico City, athletes had to breathe more vigorously and more often to get the oxygen they needed.2)Of greater importance than the slight reduction in gravity's pull is the so-called thin air that is present at high altitudes.3)When Bob Beamon set his world record in the long jump in Mexico City, he benefited from a slight reduction in gravity, reduced air resistance from less dense air, and the fact that his approach was a short sprint and not a distance run.4)Although air contains the same proportions of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases at high altitudes as at sea level, in a similar volume of air there is less of each the higher up in altitude you go.5)This caused a serious problem for athletes in endurance events,but it assisted athletes in short sprints because they ran on their bodies'stored energy supplies.6)This characteristic greatly affected athletes who competed in the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, which is 7,350 ft(2,240 m)above sea level.3. 소재:태양 에너지와 풍력의 장점 1)Solar power and wind power are also popular because they are re세로프게 able sources of energy production and so do not suffer the negative consequence of diminishing supplies.2)Finally, solar power and wind power have the technical capability to be distributed, meaning they are what is sometimes referred to as decentralized energy generation sources.3)They can be placed on individual homes and in small areas and do not rely on large, single generation stations that can be subject to large-scale blackouts, terrorist attacks, or other centralized vulnerabilities4)This includes air pollution from chemicals, particulate matter, organic compounds, toxic materials, and the emissions that lead to climate change.5)Solar power and wind power are considered alternatives to fossil-fuel-based energy generation from coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which predominate worldwide energy production at the start of the 21st century.6)They are also domestic sources of energy production and so are not dependent on imports from what may be hostile countries. 7)Both of them solve what is seen as the most prevalent negative consequence of fossil-fuel-based energy generation:air pollution.4. 소재, 반려 동물을 키울 긍정적 효과 1)Having the responsibility for a pet can increase your sense of your own value and importance.2)You are never alone with a dog or cat:walking the dog brings you into contact with other people and makes it infinitely easier to strike up a conversation with strangers.3)When you're tempted to stay in bed and pull the covers over your head, you have to get up and feed the cat or walk the dog.4)That everyday routine with a creature who needs you can be extremely soothing.5)Local cat owners often get to know one another too, as it is common for cats to wander into their neighbours'gardens(and houses!)and for neighbours to exchange cat-sitting duties during holiday times.6)Loneliness and lack of self-esteem are among the most obvious conditions which can be alleviated by living with an animal친구. 7)Caring for an animal reminds you that however low you might feel, you are capable.5. 소재:복합적 개인의 생각 1)They also tend to avoid what might be called"black and white"thinking.2)Very briefly, the complex individual is one who can see things from another person's point of view and who is flexible in his/her thought processes.3)For example, the positions of others on an issue are not lumped into the two categories of those for them and those against them but rather shades of differences or gradations of opinion are recognized and taken into account.4)Last but not least, the complex person seems better able to hold off on a decision allowing more information to be taken into consideration.5)For example, they are able to change their minds on an issue in the light of세로프게 information rather than rigidly"sticking to their guns."6)Thus, they deny that the truth of a matter often lies somewhere in between two extremes.6. 소재:사고 사망자의 감소를 위한 도로 디자인 1)Wouldn't the lack of signs, markings, and barriers cause destruction and death?2)He proposed integrating vehicle and foot traffic, in order to create a more holistic driving environment.Few would listen;however, Monderman was patient.3)The data astonished skeptics. Within several years, he showed statistically significant reductions in acidents and lost lives, causing his revolutionary ideas to reverberate around a traffic-cloggggggg. 4)Yet the engineer persisted in his belief that traffic signals, crosswalks, warning signs, curbs, and even lines painted down the middle of the road are not just annoying, but downright dangerous to drivers and pedestrians alike.5)By the early twenty-first century, Dutch officials finally gave him the green light to test his theories in a number of small towns there.6)Many thought that Hans Monderman, a Dutch traffic engineer, had hit his head on a mental speed bump during his early years.7. 소재:동반자 관계의 그와잉무들 1)The average tree grows its branches out until it encounters the branch tips of a neighboring tree of the same height.2)Such partners are often so tightly connected at the roots that sometimes they even die together.3)However, it heavily reinforces the branches it has extended, so you get the impression that there's quite a shoving match going on up there.4)The trees don't want to take anything away from each other, and so they develop sturdy branches only at the outer edges of their crowns, that is to say, only in the direction of"non-친구 s."5)It doesn't grow any wider because the air and better light in this space are already taken.6)But a pair of true친구 s is careful right from the outset not to grow overly thick branches in each other's direction.8. 소재:과부하가 걸린 작동 기억 The amount of information entering our consciousness at any instant is referred to as our cognitive load.1)An overloaded working memory also tends to increase our distractedness.2)When our cognitive load exceeds the capacity of our working memory, our intellectual abilities take a hit.3)Lose your hold on that and you'll find"distractions more distracting."4)The information vanishes before we've had an opportunity to transfer it into our long-term memory and weave it into knowledge.5)We remember less, and our ability to think critically and conceptually weakens.6)After all, as the neuroscientist Torkel Klingberg has pointed out,"We have to remember what it is we are to concentrate on."7)Information zips into and out of our mind so quickly that we never gain a good mental grip on it.(Which is why you can't remember what you went to the kitchen to do.)10강을 가리키는 추론 1. 소재:재기에 성공한 야구 선수 Tim Wallach Tim Wallach, the third baseman for the Los Angeles Dodgers, was ready to hang it up.Once a great hitter, he had been batting poorly for two consecutive seasons.But Reggie Smith, a first-year batting coach on the team, wouldn't let Wallach quit.He encouraged him and told him thathe could get his"stroke" back with a little extra work. So during the off-season, Smith worked with him three times a week This is the way Wallach described those sessions:"Reggie was positive from day one. Regardless of whether I felt I was having a bad day and was strugling, he'd find something goodch finished the year with twenty-three home runs and a.280 batting average.He gave all the credit to Reggie Smith's coaching and encouraging words.2. 소재:천사와 놀던 어린 여자 아이 1)The little girl was still young enough to see her guardian angel who was with her every day.She played with her angel.They laughed and sang together.2)She told her mother she always had fun with her'칭구'Her mother believed her daughter to have an'invisible'친구 so commonly reported by young children and thought to be a친구 from her imagination.3)The mother asked her daughter the친구's name and her daughter told her it was Amiel.The little girl and Amiel spent many, many hours together in her younger years.4)The little girl did not really notice because she became involved with her친구 s from school and lots of school activities.But Amiel was still with the little girl even though they didn't talk or play anymore— Amiel was her guardian angel.5)Every night at bedtime, Amiel would kiss the little girl good night.As the years moved on, the cloud became denser around Amiel and the little girl could not see or talk to her any more.3. 소재: 막대한 문서 자료에 좌절한 동료 A couple of years ago, a colleague of mine joined a project that had been running for a while.On his first day, my colleague met the project manager, and he explained a few things, then handed the세로프게 team member a set of documents.1)The project manager was visibly proud of the fact that his team had produced such comprehensive documentation.2)Some of those were huge— they contained the entire specification of a complex application.3)Eventually he learned many of those details, but more from discussions with the other team members over the next weeks than from reading the documentation.4)A question about howhe was getting on with the projectmaterials revealed that the poor guy wasn't getting on well at all.5)A couple of hours later, I saw my colleague sitting in his office, in front of a large pile of paper, looking rather unhappy.6)He said he was"drowning in the specification,"and that he couldn't keep all the details in his mind.4. 소재:Blaise Pascal에 대한 아버지의 교육 방침 1)His chief maxim was always to keep the boy above his work.And for this reason he did not wish him to learn Latin till he was twelve years of age, when he might easily acquire it.2)He endeavoured further to direct his son's attention to the more marked phenomena of nature, and such explanations as he could give of them.3)Detecting the remarkable powers of Blaise Pascal, his father had formed very definite resolutions as to his education.4)But here the son's perception outstripped the father's power of explanation.5)He wished to know the reason of everything;and when his father's statements did not appear to him to give the reason, he was far from satisfied.6)In the meantime, he sought to give him a general idea of grammar— of its rules, and the exceptions to which these rules are liable— and so to fit him to take up the study of any language with intelligence and facility.11강 공란 스토리 추론 1. 소재:웅덩이로 지표 및 주위 환경과의 관계 1)Since the rocks are responsible for a lot of the characteristics of the soil in an area and the soil strongly influences the types of plants and animals you will find, a sudden change in the number of puddles, without a very local downpour, is a sign that the rocks, soil, plants and animals all around you will also have changed 2)Every puddle is a sign that the water has been blocked, stopped from travelling down through the ground.3)This is mainly interesting when we travel through a rural area and notice that the number of puddles suddenly increases, despite there not being any more rain in that area.4)This is a sign that the rocks beneath your feet have probably changed, even if the appearance of the mud has not changed.5)So if a puddle is persistent, then the first thing we can deduce is that the ground beneath the puddle is either nonporous or extremely wet. 2. 소재:현재에 초점을 둔 동기 부여 Keep in mind that while coaching our children to future success, we can't forget about the present.1)The big picture overwhelmed me!The ability to break a goal down into manageable pieces is important to motivation.2)I began to enjoy the journey of writing when I saw how writing every day benefited me today and not just at some time in the future.3)When I saw that if I only did some work every day, I would eventually reach my goal of finishing an enormous project, I was motivated to do a little bit every day.4)For example, when writing the manuscript for this book, I spent many a morning procrastinating because I could only see the big picture.5)Understanding how what you are doing today benefits you today and not just somewhere down the road is an essential part of personal motivation.6)In that sense, be careful using the big picture as motivation.7)Sometimes seeing the big picture isn't enough;in fact, the big picture can sometimes be overwhelming.3. 소재:Toscanini의 비범한 기억력 Arturo Toscanini had a phenomenal memory as well as a phenomenal ear.1)Once, he decided to conduct Ernest Schelling's"Impressions from an Artist's Life,"and he invited Mr.Schelling himself to play solo piano.2)During rehearsal, Maestro Toscanini— who never looked at a score during rehearsal, although he kept one on the stage— stopped Mr.Schelling and stated that he believed the pianist had omitted a G flat.3)That surprised Maestro Toscanini, so he invited Mr.Schelling to look at the score with him.4)Mr.Schelling replied,"You are right.I did omit the G flat because I never wrote a G flat at that particular point in my original score."5)After looking at the score, it was Mr.Schelling who was surprised, and he said,"Mr.Toscanini, I did omit the G flat. In all the times I have played this piece I always omitted the G flat.Since the day I wrote it, I had completely forgotten it was there."4. 소재:감정이 인간 행동에 미치는 영향 1)Today, many psychological scientists agree that any decision we make, any relationship we pursue, any thing we want— all these judgments, behaviors, and desires are influenced by emotion.2)We tell ourselves that such decisions aren't driven by our emotions, and that we are relying on the mind's most sophisticated reasoning processes, but research shows that we are very good at coming up with"sophisticated"reasons to justify what we want to think, and what we want to think is almost always shaped by how we feel.3)By the end of the millennium, emotions had become such a central part of psychology's focus that many scholars viewed emotions as the motivational force guiding almost all of human behavior.4)Even those decisions which, we believe, are shaped by rationality or logical principles about what is right or good are in fact more often triggered by a gut emotional response.5. 소재:장난감의 재료에 적합한 거 Can you tell how a toy is made?1)Does your children's toy selection show an adequate representation of nature?Is there wood? Cloth? Natural fibers?2)While there is certainly room and a need for some manufactured plastic in our lives, we also need to make much more room for simple, natural materials.3)Not only do these toys feel good to play with and connect children to the outside world, but they are also often strong enough to last a lifetime and even more.4)Wooden blocks, felt balls, and cotton dolls are often some of the best toys.5)I think we should consider our toy materials in the same way that people talk about whole foods:the closer to the original source, the better.6)Can you picture your toy growing somewhere on the earth?6. 소재:감정을 표현하는 말에 대한 문화 간의 차이 1)Marc Benamou, studying the use of affective terms to describe the expressive character of·뮤직 among Western and Javanese subjects,ascertained that some Javanese emotion terms did not straightforwardly correspond to Western categories.2)Presumably, we can assume that when Javanese subjects report expressiveness in뮤직 using words for which English-speaking subjects have no term, the two groups of subjects are not recognizing the same expressive content.3)A particular difficulty that attends efforts to determine the extent of cross-cultural convergence in emotional expression is the fact that cultures do not categorize emotions in the same way.4)This raises some doubts about how much we can trust studies that purport to compare cultures.5)But more generally, we should be alert to the possibility that imperfect translations lead us to imagine greater agreement about뮤직 al expression than we would find if we had a more nuanced sense of the way the terms are used in the respective languages.7. 소재:예술 공연의 본질 To know whether an artistic performance succeeds or fails requires that we know what counts as success or failure in any performance context.1)But behind these considerations is an unstated assumption:that it is one person's ten unaided fingers that produce the소리 s.2)Forgery and other forms of fakery in the arts misrepresent the nature of the performance and so misrepresent achievement.3)Music critics will consider a pianist's tone, phrasing, tempo, accuracy, and ability to sustain a line or build to a climax 4)An aurally identical experience that is electronically synthesized can never dazzle us in the same way:음 synthesizers can produce individual notes as fast as you please, while pianists cannot.5)The excitement a virtuoso pianist generates with a glittering shower of notes is intrinsically connected with this fact.6)Built into the thrill of hearing a virtuoso is admiration for what the performance represents as a human achievement.7)Speed and brilliance may be important considerations, which is not to say the fastest performance will be the best.8. 소재:우유의 섭취 증가에 대한 소비자, 지식의 영향 1)The history of milk drinking becomes a history of this increased perfection through increased consumption and through a public/private promotion of the product.2)For example, Spencer and Blanford attribute the increase in milk drinking to"significant improvements in the quality of milk and cream sold,"which led to a"more generous use of those products."3)In other words, the rise of milk consumption, according to these economic studies, is due to the increasing perfection of milk— in both quality and price— and education of consumers about this perfection.4)The story of how milk became오메리카's drink combines the perfection of industry with the perfection of consumer knowledge.5)Consumers drank more milk because they had"greater knowledge of the food value of milk,"which was the result of"favorable teaching and publicity based on important findings and research."9. 소재:자아 복잡성 1)If you're someone who is high in self-complexity— that is, you define yourself in terms of many nonoverlapping domains(for example, student, avid skier, committed volunteer, enthusiastic fan of Glee)— the negativity that results from your poor exam grade is relatively contained, affecting only how you feel about yourself as a student.2)Research suggests that a person's level of self-complexity can have important consequences, particularly when people are confronted with negative events or difficulties in a given life domain.Imagine learning that you did poorly on a midterm exam.3)In short, putting all your"self eggs"in one basket can be risky in the face of threatening, self-relevant events.4)But if you're low in self-complexity such that your identity as a student overlaps to a great extent with the few other identities you have— then the negativity associated with your poor exam grade is likely to lower your evaluations of yourself as a student as well as spill over and affect how you evaluate your other, overlapping identities.10. 소재:동종 업체가 하나로 쏠리는 이유 A few years ago, the video store down the road from our house closed and moved downtown.1)If you set up your business near a competitor, you avoid losing any advantage that their location gives them.2)The reason for the move was that another video store had opened downtown and was already operating successfully.3)As more theatres cluster together, the area becomes known as the theatre district.4)Businesses of a particular type tend to gather together in the same part of town.5)You also give yourself the chance to steal customers away from them.6)This is not necessarily because those areas have been designated for(say)theatres or law firms. 7)It is then imperative for세로프게 theatres to open in the same area or face a potential loss of patrons.8)Rather it is because no one wants their competitors to gain an advantage over them.11. 소재:자기 본위적인 꿈 해석 1)Our biased interpretations may tell us more about ourselves than do our actual dreams.2)For example, they will give more weight to a dream in which God commands them to take a year off to travel the world than one in which God commands them to take a year off to work in a relief camp.3)A recent study of people showed that individuals are biased and self-serving in their dream interpretations, accepting those that fit in with their preexisting beliefs or needs and rejecting those that do not.4)But whatever the source of the images in our sleeping brains may be, we need to be cautious about interpreting our own dreams or anyone else's. 5)We all know from experience that some of our dreams seem to be related to daily problems, some are vague and incoherent, and some are anxiety dreams that occur when we are worried or depressed.12. 소재:고객에게 메일답장을 작성할 때 유의점 Customers like e-mail because it's easy to use and it gives them immediate access to organizations.1)Some years agoa clothing company used to send out an automated reply that read,"While we cannot get back to you personally, we do appreciate your input."2)However, even automated responses need to be phrased appropriately.3)Researchers Judy Strauss and Donna Hill, in one of the first major studies covering consumer complaints sent by e-mail, found that less than half(47 percent)of the firms studied created higher customer satisfaction with their in-kind e-mail responses.4)Most of the time, customers receive an automated response indicating that their e-mail has been received and stating when they can expect to get a response.5)This included a fast response, an e-mail that addressed the specific problem, and an e-mail that was signed with a real person's name.6)They found that simple things make a difference.7)That response didn't provide much satisfaction or a feeling of connectivity.12강의 흐름에 무관한 문장을 찾아 1. 소재:지속 가능한 생태계를 위한 협력의 필요 1)Mature ecosystems such as prairies and rainforests evolve when there is more cooperation than when there is hostile competition.2)According to evolutionary biologist Elisabet Sahtouris, cooperation is the only way toward sustainability.3)In the rainforest, every species is fully employed, all work cooperatively while recycling all of their resources, and all products and services are distributed in such a way that every species remains healthy.4)That is sustainability.5)The highly complex ecosystem of the rainforest is a particularly vivid example of a mature system that has survived through millions of years because species learned to cooperate with each other.2. 소재:고대와 중세의 학문의 특징 1)In ancient and medieval times philosophy was everything, and the philosopher was the caretaker of human wisdom.2)Having few details to bother about in his pursuit of knowledge, the ancient could think in broad and encompassing terms.3)This is in striking contrast with the world of today, in which a man may devote a lifetime to a single type of germ or bacteria and still consider his subject vast and complex enough for a full generation of profound study.4)The word"scientist"in its present meaning did not become a part of language until the modern era.5)Indeed, the diligent scholar at one time had been able to master the entire sum of academic learning.6)He k세로프게 of the moral law, religion, government, natural history, alchemy, mathematics, healing, and all knowledge.3. 소재:식민지 이전 시대의 오메리카 원주민의 동물 존중 1)During the precolonial period, Native오메리카 ns formed complex relationships with a variety of animals like bison, deer, and other woodland creatures.2)Many hunting tribes showed great respect for animals, and even though they needed to hunt them for food and other uses, they felt that they must be killed in a proper, ritualized manner.3)Some Native오메리카 ns believed that animal deaths are temporary and that the animal would be reincarnated and return to our world as the same species.4)If the hunter did not kill the animal properly, the animal could return as a ghost and haunt the hunter and possibly infect him with a disease.5)In오메리카, we find a long history of mourning practices for nonhuman animals.6)Indeed, the human-animal relationship is neatly blended into오메리카 n history and continues to grow and change as society continues to evolve.4. 소재:핵 가족 해체가 경제적 수요에 미치는 영향 1)Also, an increasing number of women are working outside the home, a situation that boosts demand for frozen dinners and child-care centers.2)With people marrying later and divorcing more often, the"typical"family of father, mother, and children living in one dwelling has become far less common than in the past.3)This outcome has in turn increased demand for many consumer durables, such as washing machines and ovens, whose sales correlate with the number of households rather than with population.4)More recently, a similar trend in Western Europe has resulted in an increase in the number of households even in countries where the overall population is decreasing.5)In the United States, there has been a trend toward the dissolution of the traditional nuclear family.5. 소재:감각의 수준을 뛰어넘는 인간의 능력 1)Eagles see much better, dogs can detect odors that completely escape our power of smell, and some animals fly through the air using radar.2)But we can do something that our pets can't do, to wit, form concepts, and then put concepts together in reasoning processes.3)If all our knowledge stopped at the level of the senses, we would be no better off than the subhuman members of the animal kingdom.4)By reflecting upon this ability we come to realize that we must have a mind distinct from our body, and that, regardless of how much pseudo-science there is in the world, it's a grave error to confuse the mind with the body.5)Different animals have different levels of proficiency on the sense level.6)In many cases it's much better than anything human beings can do.6. 소재:자연의 아름다움에 대한 19세기 믹크 예술가의 찬미 1)Artists and writers came to appreciate nature as an aesthetic object in the 19th century.2)The Hudson River School painters were the first to treat the landscape as a legitimate genre in itself, devoid of any classical imagery.3)They were instrumental in developing a sense of pride and value in the unique오메리카 n landscape 4)Transcendentalist writers like Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Walt Whitman saw in untamed nature the hand of God.5)The social reform movement and the cause for wilderness preservation can both be understood as Romantic efforts to counter the negative consequences of the Industrial Revolution.6)They celebrated in their work the awe-inspiring phenomena and natural scenery that they believed were capable of transforming one's soul.7. 소재:발견에서 즐거움을 느끼는 인간의 감정 An interesting aspect of human psychology is that we tend to like things more and find them more appealing if everything about those things is not obvious the first time we experience theme This is certainly tr.ue in 뮤직 1)A special harmony emerges that we missed before.2)Sometimes, the longer it takes for a work of art to reveal all of its subtleties to us, the more fond of that thing— whether it's음악 art, dance, or architecture— we become.3)We hear more and more and understand more and more with each listening.4)For example, we might hear a song on the radio for the first time that catches our interest and decide we like it.5)Music can be appreciated by anyone who takes the time to listen, but it can only be realized effectively in performance by well-trained뮤직 ians.6)Then the next time we hear it, we hear a lyric we didn't catch the first time, or we might notice what the piano or drums are doing in the background.8. 소재:브랜드에게 시각적 특징의 중요성 1)One reason design is difficult is that the designer already has the knowledge expressed in the design, has seen it develop from inception, and therefore cannot see it with fresh eyes.2)Whatever the case, there's no escaping the fact that distinctive design often goes hand in hand with distinctive brands, and successful brands are by their very nature visually identifiable.3)Vision has until recently been perceived as being the most powerful of our five senses;however, research indicates that this may no longer be true. 4)In many models, shape has become the defining feature.5)The automobile industry is another category where shape plays a vital role.6)Pharmaceutical companies make their tablets and capsules in all shapes, sizes, and colors, with each one intended to differentiate the product, impart a particular emotional"feel"to the drug and instill customer loyalty. 13강 문단 내 글의 순서 파악 1. 소재:일벌이 알을 낳고 유전자를 남긴다는 경향 Worker bees don't"normally"lay eggs.1)However, if the queen dies and there are no larvae that can be trained to replace her, that can change.2)However, since they haven't mated, their unfertilized eggs will yield only male bees.3)Unless a beekeeper intervenes with a세로프게 queen, the hive is doomed.4)That's because the queen's pheromones suppress the reproductive systems of the workers.5)Maybe some of them will get lucky and find a willing queen, passing the hive's genes along in its dying days.6)In that case, a dying queenless colony will try to spread its genes before it goes to an end, using an unexpected strategy:some of the workers will start laying eggs.2.소재:부동산의 가치 결정 과정 In the real estate industry, location is all-important in determining the market value of properties.A good house in a slum district will not fetch a high price, no matter how good it is.1)One area may be conveniently placed near to major businesses, or it may be close to the sea or a river, or it may be slightly hilly, allowing good views. 2)In this way, the average prices in one area will drift to become higher than in neighbouring areas.People naturally assume that the area with higher prices must be better to live in.So the process escalates.3)Usually, it starts out with a natural advantage.4)When some properties attract elevated prices, they raise the prices of other properties nearby.5)These natural advantages are enough that people will seek them out and pay slightly more for them than they would for other properties.6)But how is it that some locations come to be better than others?3. 소재:건설 분야의 혁신에 대한 통념과 실상 Like all sectors in mature industries, the construction sector is characterized by a relatively few leading thinkers who innovate and monitor trends and a larger group of technical experts who receive and disseminate innovation and세로프게 ideas.1)Most buildings are built for functional purposes and not to advance or explore the limits of technology.2)This dissemination group consists of architects, consultants, designers, and engineers.3)Yet for most construction work, such high levels of technical sophistication are not necessary and are not supported because it is costly.4)A practical building with a facade that is interesting or artful is more than sufficient for most purposes.5)However, it gets a great deal of media publicity for innovation and forward thinking, particularly architects.6)In the construction sector this dissemination group is very small, relatively conservative, and divided up into groups.4. 소재:역사 교육의 이유"Why teach history?"Not, I propose, because it's there.1)We can learn from them both when past ages are committed to concepts and views similar to our own, and when they have views that are notable for their differences.2)We can learn from history because earlier times and thinkers were confronted with problems, ideas and circumstances which have affinities to those that confront us today.3)This is why history should occupy a central place not only in the liberal arts curriculum, but in primary, secondary and post secondary education.4)It would be equally foolish to ignore our collective history.5)Rather, we should teach history because it is a resource that can shed light on the lives we live today.6)Only a fool would ignore his past experience when confronted with a세로프게 situation.5. 소재:법 사회화와 도덕 사회화 The goal of legal socialization is to instill in people a felt obligation or responsibility to follow laws and accept legal authority.1)Most people can think of an instance where they believe a behavior is immoral, but would not support criminalizing it or using the full force of the law to stop people from doing it.2)Such views are strongly shaped by the way in which people understand the position and function of the law within society.3)However, that is not always the case.4)The goal of moral socialization is to instill in people a duty to follow societal standards of proper behavior independent of rules and codes.5)At the same time, even if people do abstractly support legal regulation of immoral behavior, they vary in how and the extent to which they want the legal system to intervene.6)Criminalizing a behavior doesnot make it immoral, nor is all immoral behavior necessarily criminalized.7)Given that in normal everyday life those behaviors that society considers immoral are frequently prohibited by law, the two usually work toward the same goal.6. 소재:영국과 프랑스의 평균 수명의 차이를 만든 요인 1)Since records in France started to be accurately collected, they have reported considerably fewer deaths from heart disease and a longer lifespan than the British 2)For many years the British-French rivalry has extended from rugby matches, politics and trading insults to trading mortality statistics.3)Others disagree, asserting that misclassification could only explain at most 20 per cent of the difference, and point to a consistent north-south difference across Europe.4)The French are proud of this, but many UK colleagues tell me that much of the difference is due to a reluctance to record deaths properly, with the same'Anglo-Saxon rigour'5)Even within France itself there is a wide north-south difference, which suggests that most of the variation between UK and France is due to the healthier habits of the southerners.7. 소재:남미의 냉동 건조 감자 chuño 1)After harvest, the potatoes were covered to prevent dew from settling on them and left out overnight in무료 zing temperatures.2)The resulting무료 ze-dried potato, calledchuño, was stored in sealed, permanently frozen underground warehouses where it would keep for years before deteriorating.3)The following day, the potatoes were exposed to the sun and farm families— men, women and children alike— trod on the frozen potatoes to express their liquid, a process repeated several times during the following days.4)Once harvested, potatoes, even under ideal conditions, keep for only a few months before they sprout, and they are vulnerable to mould and decay.5)The cold, dry climate of the altiplano(the high Andean plateau)made this possible.6)chuñowas ground into flour and baked into bread, or rehydrated and used for thickening soups and stews, such as chupe, which was made with available meat and vegetables.7)Native South오메리카 ns, however, developed a method of preserving them so that they could be stored for years to provide a safeguard against famine. 8소재: 토양압축벽 Have you ever played with the sand art toy where you pour colored sand in to empty plastic frames or bottles one layer at.1)A single wall of this type is often used as an accent piece in a naturally built house.2)To make a wall like this, first a frame, or formwork, is built.Next, a damp mixture of sand, gravel and clay is poured into the form.3)Natural builders use a similar technique, but on a much larger scale, when they build rammed earth walls.4)Rammed earth walls are often made of layers of red, orange, yellow, brown and cream-colored earth. 5)To make it more attractive, the different layers might be colored with natural pigments.6)Once the earth is in the form, it is packed down to compressit and make it stick together as a solid wall14강 문단 안에 문장을 넣기 1. 소재:직업과 무관할 때 놀이의 가치 Play is often discounted as something for children, because it does not deal with important survival processes, because it is useless.1)The problem, however, starts again when play becomes a profession— with all the external rewards and responsibilities that this entails.2)Play is important because it is useless;because it allows us to act not because of necessity or convenience, but in order to무료 ly express our being.3)But this is a profound misunderstanding.4)When that happens, instead of allowing for the무료 flow of consciousness, even play becomes part of the iron cage.5)Instead, they start feeling that their skill is being used by others for their own ends.6)Musicians playing for leading symphony orchestras, or athletes playing for multimillion contracts with elite teams, no longer feel that they play to express their being.2. 소재:명명의 잘못(nominal fallacy)One facet of the nominal fallacy, the error of believing that the label carries explanatory information, is the danger of using common words and giving them a scientific meaning.1)Words like"theory,""law,""force"do not mean in common discourse what they mean to a scientist.2)"Force"to a physicist has a meaning quite different from that used in political discourse.3)This has the often disastrous effect of leading an unwary public down a path of misunderstanding.4)These differences lead to sometimes serious misunderstandings between scientists and the public that supports their work.5)"Success"in Darwinian evolution is not the same"success"as taught by Dale Carnegie.6)The worst of these, though, may be"theory"and"law,"which are almost polar opposites— theory being a strong idea in science while vague in common discourse, and law being a much more muscular social than scientific concept.3. 소재:감정의 자극이 학습에 미치는 영향 There is an optimal level of emotion that is necessary for increased learning.1)During that lesson, students were seated tightly packed in their allotted squares for the duration of the period.2)We struggled to make it through the entire period and wondered how slaves could be in similar positions for months.3)Too much or too little reduces the efficiency of the cortex.4)This is why movies, books, and뮤직 that trigger emotions are easily remembered.5)The best lessons in life or in a classroom make you laugh, think, or cry.6)One of my high schooleachers removed all the furniture from the classroom and taped small square dimensions on the floor that represented the amount of space a slave was afforded on the ships transporting them from Africa to 7)My high school history teacher created an emotional experience that I remember vividly to this day.4. 소재:표준 단위의 확산 1)Many people are surprised to learn that only a few centuries ago simple measures of weight and volume, such as the pound and the pint, were not standard.2)Even though the same word was used in different towns, the weight of a pound varied from town to town— sometimes by as much as a factor of four.3)But as cities began to trade with one another and governments began to impose their rule over larger areas, the use of standards grew.4)So the possibility of trade created an incentive for standardization, and helped the expansion of the governments that were keen on the use of standards.5)The coevolution of standards and markets is easy to understand, since anyone buying a bushel of corn from a vendor in another town would want that bushel to mean the same in both towns.6)Hence, it is not unexpected to see standards coevolve with markets.7)Standards are prevalent in our modern world because they reduce the costs of interactions among the firms and people that subscribe to them.5. 소재:유기체의 기초가 되는 탄소의 유래 There is an interesting side to the evolutionary process that is illuminated by astronomy.The living organisms we now see all have their structure based upon the element carbon. 1)But where does carbon come from? 2)Carbon originates in the centre of stars where at temperatures of millions of degrees it is'cooked'from simple protons and neutrons.3)Only after this immense period of time will the building blocks of life be available in the universe, and only then can biochemistry take over.4)When the stars reach the end of their lives they explode and disperse carbon into space and on to the surface of planets and meteorites.5)Most biochemists believe no other basis is possible for life.6)However, the time needed to make carbon and other heavier elements, like nitrogen and oxygen, by this stellar alchemy is very long:nearly a billion years.6. 소재:판매에 영향을 미치는 객체 지향적인 디자인 전략 Even very subtle manipulation of object-orientation in an ad design can impact purchase behavior.1)While this may not suit the smaller percentage of left-handers, the larger percentage of right-handers will have better mental product-interaction.2)These results also hold for shelf display design in retail environments.3)For example, a very slight change in display design of mugs in the window of a coffee shop could affect purchases with consumers imagining picking up that coffee mug and drinking from it.4)Including an instrument(e.g.a spoon for eating an advertised soup)that facilitates mental simulation should also increase purchase intentions.5)These consequences of visual depiction impact not just advertising design, but product packaging design and display design as well.6)Advertisers can increase purchase intentions by facilitating mental simulation through their visual depictions of the product.7)They can do this simply by orienting a product(e.g.a cake with a fork)toward the right side.7. 소재:지구상의 모든 에너지의 근원적인 원천인 태양 The sun is the ultimate source of all energy on earth, whether it's used by grass in the fields, trees in the forest, or your car on the road.1)Astronomers observe that the sun's diameter is more than one hundred times larger than the earth's, and it is unimaginably hot— nearly 15 million degrees Celsius at its center.2)When that happens, about 0.7 percent of the mass of the protons is turned into energy(E=mc²), and about 0.000000045 percent of that energy eventually comes flying in our direction in the form of sunlight.3)Under these extreme conditions four protons slamming together make one helium atom through nuclear fusion.4)Within that heat, the sun packs enormous pressure;the core is forty-three times denser than a diamond.5)That doesn't.like a lot of energy, but it's enough to power all life on earth, and more.6)Though poets might prefer a more evocative comparison, astrophysicists liken the sun to a nuclear fusion reactor.7)In fact, the energy in sunlight arriving on earth contains about twelve thousand times more energy than humanity uses in a year.8. 소재:스포츄이 두뇌에 준 긍정적 영향 While our brains make up only 2%of our weight, they consume 20%of our energy.They are hungry for oxygen and glucose.1)This is where exercise helps.2)This means they are dependent on good blood flow and good regulation of blood sugar.3)Poor regulation of blood sugar, for example, is associated with smaller hippocampi— the brain regions responsible for laying down long-term memories.4)Regular exercise will increase the amount of blood flowing through your brain, and improve the delivery of blood sugar.5)Until recently, scientists didn't think adults could grow세로프게 neurons;you just had to make do with what you were born with. 6)This will help세로프게 neurons— brain cells— to grow.7)But we can— and exercise helps this, as well as strengthening connections between existing neurons, improving long-term memories.15강 문단 요약 1. 소재:노인 언어의 특성 1)The older adults reported that the instructions were easier to follow when the speaker reduced the grammatical complexity and used semantic elaboration(that is, repeated and expanded upon what was said) 2)Elderspeak is characterized by several components.Which ones are beneficial for older adults and which ones are not helpful? 3)Simpler grammar and semantic elaboration also helped older adults improve their accuracy when they had to reproduce the same route on a map of their own.4)Also, the older listeners did not find that an extremely slow rate of speaking with many pauses or exaggerated prosody was helpful. 5)In contrast, shortening the length of the speaker's utterances into two-and five-word sentences did not improve the older adults'comprehension of the instructions, nor did it improve their performance when they traced a map of their own.6)Kemper and Harden had older adults watch a videotape in which a speaker described a route that was also traced on a map.2. 소재:외모에 대한 남의 이목이 자의식에 미치는 영향 1)The wearer of the T-shirt was later asked to estimate the number of fellow students in the crowded room who definitely discerned the face on the shirt, and this was compared with the actual number who had noticed.2)In fact, the students were so consumed with their own embarrassment over wearing the clothes that they were unable to accurately gauge how conspicuous it was to others.3)The T-shirt wearers overestimated how many others spotted the embarrassing shirt on average by a factor of two.4)In one experiment, a student was required to wear an embarrassing T-shirt(one sporting a large image of Barry Manilow— a popular singer but of low prestige among college students)before entering a room in which a group of their peers were assembled.5)The scientists noted in their paper that'all participants nonetheless put on the shirt, although none looked particularly thrilled about doing so'.3. 소재:나는 전두엽 피질과 감정 양식의 상관 관계 Dr.Davidson and his colleagues have shown that there is asymmetry in the prefrontal cortex reflecting our affective style.1)Developing a greater ability to recover, then, should show up as a shift in the relative activity between the two sides of the prefrontal cortex:the left side ought to become more active as the right side calms down.2)If the left side is more active, we tend to be in a positive emotional state, with a sense of well-being, enthusiasm, even joy.3)They had greater activity in the left side, reported a stronger sense of well-being, and even showed a positive change in immune system function, as measured by influenza antibody titers.4)When there is more activity in the right side of the prefrontal cortex, it correlates with negative emotions such as worry, sadness, and anger.5)Those who had the most activity in the left prefrontal cortex had the strongest immune system response, suggesting a connection between overall well-being and the health of the immune system.6)In fact, that happened with a group that practiced mindfulness meditation for eight weeks.4. 소재:유용하지 않은 포커스 그룹의 피드백 Focus groups are commonly used in marketing but in some countries there are very real problems with them.1)Unfortunately, the way to please the very human moderator seems to be to work out what they want to hear, rather than providing them with genuine insights about the brand.2)Since it is difficult to recruit random people to be in focus groups, research agencies have developed large pools of consumers willing to take part in focus groups at short notice.3)This makes much of the data gained from focus-group panels worthless.4)However, the problem is that many of these consumers are too willing. 5)Research has revealed that many consumers enjoy the pay무료 food, and experience of being an expert and focus on pleasing the moderator in order to get invited back regularly.6)Agencies are aware of this problem and ensure a churn rate within groups to keep them fresh, but consumers get around this by using multiple names in order to remain in the pool.16강 장문 독해[1-2]소재:성공에의 지름길 Once you have defined what success looks like for you and have begun to design it, next comes the work.There's no substitute for hard work;we all have to roll up our sleeves and take the stairs to get to that floor we're going after.1)A gardener can't just wish for a beautiful garden and one suddenly appears;she has to choose the seed, pick the place, clear the ground, dig the holes, plant the seed, water it, add mulch, and repeat these steps over and over again if she wants to experience that beautiful healthy garden in the flesh. 2)Trust that there will be setbacks and temporary bumps along the journey, but they're nature's way of strengthening us to be ready for what it is we're working toward.3)The preparation is the work, and the opportunity will find us when we are truly ready to work and make it ours.4)Similarly, if you want to live a full, adventurous, abundant, joy-filled, and loving life, it's going to take work.5)The Roman philosopher Seneca once said,"Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity."6)While some get caught up in wishful thinking, visualizations, and acting as if they already have it, the one thing that glues the whole process together is putting in the elbow grease.[03~04]소재:연습의 철학적 의미 Our tendency to overlook habit can be explained by one aspect of habit itself:the way in which familiarity and repetition dull our senses.Marcel Proust describes habit as a'heavy curtain'which'conceals from us almost the whole universe, and prevents us from knowing ourselves.'1)But this is also the philosopher's task Although it is often said— quoting Plato or Aristotle— that philosophy begins with wonder, the wondering state of mind is only reached by first penetrating the heavy curtain of habit.2)A few European philosophers have gone so far as to claim, like many teachers in the Buddhist tradition, that habit provides'an answer to the problem of the self', that our continuing identity through time and change is produced by the tenacity of habit.3)Not only this:habit'cuts off from things which we have witnessed a number of times the root of profound impression and of thought which gives them their real meaning.'4)So habit is a uniquely philosophical issue, and it is also an important and profound feature of ordinary life.5)If this is true— and perhaps even if it is not quite true— then habit's ambiguity and uncertainty belong to the mystery of human selfhood.The question of habit may be independent from our hardest, deepest, most insistent question:who are we?who am I?6)Proust realized that an artist has to draw back, or tear open, this curtain of habit, so that the most familiar features of our world become visible, meaningful, and cause for wonder.[05~06]소재: 남을 기쁘게 하려는 욕구 Children love to please their parents.They constantly seek attention, affirmation, and acceptance.The little boy who is not satisfied with merely riding his bicycle for his mom shows off by riding past the front yard with both hands in the air,"Look, Mom, no hands."One more achievement, one more accomplishment, and still another opportunity to impress a significant other.The burden to please or impress others can be overwhelming.1)If you believe that your job in life is to make others happy or at least to impress them, you suffer from the attitudes and behaviors of always trying to please others.2)The inability to control the attitudes and behaviors of others is enough to drive a people-pleaser insane.3)If at first you do not accomplish this, you try longer and harder.4)People-pleasing is the opposite of the self-sabotaging behavior coming from the thought that others should make you happy.5)It can cause us to mortgage our lives to the limit and compromise our self-worth in the process.6)The need to make people happy appears selfless, but it destines a person to a life filled with anxiety and disappointment.7)Then if you get unsatisfactory responses, you become frustrated and even depressed.8)You shoulder the negative emotions of others, as if you are able to flip the inner switch that is under their control[07~08]소재:식물의 햇빛 수집 장치 1)Grana in plant cells move much like the electronically controlled solar panels, orienting themselves to maximize light collection in shady areas and to minimize light collection in bright sunny areas.2)Because plants are such marvelously adaptable creatures, they can maximize their ability to survive and thrive in almost any condition.3)Leaves of trees which are growing on the outermost branches where light is abundant, have a morphology designed to lessen the intensity and have grana in vertical stacks.4)When man-made solar collectors are positioned on the roofs of buildings, they are positioned such that they face the direction from which they can collect the most light possible.5)The positions are usually fixed.Elaborate systems may be electronically controlled to move with the sun facing south east in morning hours and slowly moving to face south west as the day progresses.6)On the other hand, interior leaves which receive only filtered light may have grana which are in horizontal stacks.7)Usually they are positioned facing south so that they can collect light all day long as the sun moves from east to west across the south sky.8)Since they must make their own food, which requires light during photosynthesis, they must have some sort of mechanism to collect and trap the light they need;i.e, they need solar collectors.17베스트 장문 독해(2)[01~03]소재:아들이 불안하게 생각하고 있는 추세에 대비를 시킨 아버지 1)One participant of a workshop told a particularly insightful story about his twin six year-old boys. As any parent knows, riding the school bus without Mom or Dad is scary enough for a first grader.But finding the way from the classroom to the bus at 3:30 by themselves is even more intimidating. "There are so many buses! And they all look the same" His six-year-olds spent most of the school year getting comfortable with their exact route and pickup point every day.2)Two good attempts convinced both father and child that all was well."Now, who else in your class rides the same bus with you?""Johnny B. does ""Okay, then you pretend I'm Johnny B. You practice asking me if it's okay if you follow meed, and he fell right to sleep.What Dad realized was that people, even children, aren't really afraid of change.They're afraid of not being prepared for the change.3)Then one day they were told their pickup spot was going to change.In the days leading up to the big switch, it became evident that one of the twins was very concerned, while the other seemed unaffected.Apparently, the세로프게 pickup spot was just outside one boy's classroom.He could see it from the window.But for the other boy, in a different classroom, the pickup spot was even farther away, and in a different direction.4)The night before the big day, shortly after bedtime, Dad noticed one child sleeping 음ly, while the other was restless. He got his nervous little boy out of bed and asked him what was wrong."I don't know what I'm going to do, Daddy."So Dad dressed the little boy up in his school clow me which way you're going to turn."The little one did as Dad asked."Now, let's practice walking down the hall and across the parking lot to the pickup spot."[04~06]소재:Elliot의 옛 소비에트 연방 여행1)In the blink of an eye, Elliot found himself face to face with a large policeman who asked him in broken English to give him his camera.Smiling politely and apologizing, Elliot pushed the camera and its precious film deep into the backpack he held tightly in his arms and pretended he didn't understand what the policeman was This exchange continued for a few moments until the policeman signaled for Elliot to accompany him to the police station, which turned out to be several miles away.There, he was passed from one group to another, each of apparently higher rank than the last.2)As part of a peace delegation, Elliot was invited to tour the former Soviet Union in 1983 at the height of the Cold War. Travel in Russia was tense at that time and included frequent searches by Soviet police and political posturing by officials. But the Russian people were 칭구ly and graciouss. Elliot was invited tohree lively generations living together in one small apartment were precious to him.3)Finally, there was a phone call to someone who~edlike an official He could make out the words, "아메리카 n, camera, "but not much else. At the end of the call, the man shruggged, smiled embarrassedly, and indicated that Elliot was 무료.ppen, so I held my ground."4)The next day Elliot decided to rest at his hotel instead of joining his delegation on a field trip.Later that afternoon, he took a walk through the neighborhood with his camera.After he stopped to photograph a little boy on a red tricycle, the child disappeared into a long line of people. Immediately the crowd began to complain vigorously about the photo Elliot had just snapped of the little boyd to light after such an incident.[07~09]소재:승리를 포기하고 목숨을 구한 Larry Lemieux 1)He didn't want to chance living with that guilt.However, once he made the decision, rescuing the stranded sailors still wasn't easy.There were 12-foot waves crashing all around and the current was against the wind.Lemieux had to sail downwind to reach Chan and took on a lot of water in the process.Skillfully, Lemieux kept his own boat from capsizing, pulled Chan out of the water and then headed back to help Siew.2)Although his actions cost him a medal, it powerfully illustrated to the world that athletic victory alone isn't everything.Shaw Her Siew and Joseph Chan's boat had capsized about 19 miles off the coast of Busan. Most competitors would have tried to pick up the gold medal, but as Lemieux told The Edmonton Journal, his instincts directed him elsewhere."The first ru"If I went to them and they didn't really need help, c'est la vie.If I didn't go, it would be something I would regret for the rest of my life."3)While the lion's share of the world's attention at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul went to track and field, an amazing story took place in the obscure sport of sailing.Canadian Larry Lemieux overcame tough 35-knot winds and was in position to claim a medal in the Finn-class competition.However, when he saw a capsized boat on a nearby course with injured Singapore sailors in trouble, he abandoned his race to help them.4)Afterwards, he kept his small boat steady until a Korean Navy boat arrived and then returned to the race and finished 21st out of a field of 32.As he told the Journal, he had no regrets."Chan would have been lost at sea had he not been found Because the waves were so high you couldn't see the big, orange course markers when you were between troughs So looking for someone's head would have been like looking for a needle in a haysack.. I could have won gold.But, in the same circumstances, I would do what I did again."[10~12]소재:아동 프로그램의 주인공 Mr.Rogers에 대한 아버지의 조금 오해 1)One day my father strapped me into the car seat of his big Cadillac as we travelled to the Harrisburg International Airport to pick up my Uncle George.Once my father spotted him, they proceeded to the baggage claim to grab his luggage. I held my father's hand, happy to be accompanying him on a mission, until suddenly I broke away from him. My father hadn't noticed bec for me calling my name, but there was no response.2)Fueled by adrenaline, concern, and anger, my father was infuriated at this man until I said to him,"Daddy, why are you mad at Mr.Rogers?"My father's normally choccomplexion turned red with embarrassment.He apologized profusely to Mr.Rogers, and then they both had a good laugh. Immediately, my uncle, my father and My father and My father and My father and My father and My father and My father and My father and My father and.rted from my caretakers.3)It was then that my father turned around, and he spotted me with a man at the baggage claim kiosk maybe 30 feet away from him.He sprang into action before my uncle had a chance to stop him and ran to the man shaking my hand. With one hand on his police-issued weapon, he asked the man to step away from me slowly. The man complied, and very calmly explained himself to my father at the same time. He told my father that I ran up to him, and that it wasn't uncommon for children to do so, simply because they felt safe in his presence.4)As a kid I had a steady diet of programs like Sesame Street and Mister Rogers'Neighborhood.I always thought it was amazing that Mr.Rogers had an entire magical land of make-believe with characters, stories and a trolley that ran through his home.He was my hero, second only to my father, who was a policeman in my heart.Part II의 테마-소재 분 18강 인물 일화 기그 다음 1. 소재:사진 작가 Dorothea LangeDorothea Lange's oeuvre constitutes one of the most moving and committed contributions to the social documentary photography in the 20th century.1)One of the most famous photographs of the FSA project is Migrant Mother, the portrait of a Californian migrant worker with her three children.2)After studying at Columbia University in New York, she started out as an independent portrait photographer in San Francisco.3)In 1935, she joined the Farm Security Administration(FSA)and reported on living conditions in the rural areas of the USA.4)In a direct manner,she documented the bitter poverty of migrant workers and their families.5)This highly concentrated image has made Dorothea Lange anicon of socially committed photography.6)Shocked by the number of homeless people in search of work during the Great Depression, she decided to take pictures of people in the street to draw attention to their plight.2. 소재:Joe Hyams를 얻고 분노에 대한 교훈 1)Unfortunately, his hotel room was not ready and would not be ready for another four hours, so he demanded to see the manager, then angrily confronted her.2)Later, after having calmed down, he apologized, and the manager said,"You really took me by surprise.3)While practicing the martial art wing-chun, Joe Hyams was accidentally hit by a workout partner.4)The following weekend, Mr.Hyams went to New York, arriving early in the morning and hoping to get some rest before a business meeting.5)I intended to do what I could for you, but when you came on so strong I forgot my good intentions and decided not to go out of my way to help you."6)This made him angry.His teacher, Jim Lau, noticed and spoke to him about his anger, saying that unleashing anger against another person inspires anger in return from the other person.3. 소재:당뇨병 원인의 1의 단서 It was only in 1919 when Dr.Oscar Minkowski and Dr.Joseph Merring got the first clue to the cause of diabetes.1)To confirm their finding they decided to remove the pancreas of a dog to study the after-effects on the dog.2)When Dr.Minkowski noticed a bunch of flies gathered on the urine he suspected the dog was diabetic and to confirm his suspicion he tested the dog's urine for sugar.3)After removing the pancreas of the dog they noticed that the dog was urinating excessively.4)It confirmed his suspicion of the dog being diabetic as he found sugar in its urine.5)While trying to find out the possible causes of diabetes they came to a conclusion that the pancreas plays some role in causing diabetes.6)This finding finally linked diabetes to the pancreas.4. 소재: 젊은 사수와 노대가 사이의 에피소드 After winning many contests, a boastful champion archer challenged an old master who was renowned for his skills.1)The master motioned the young archer to follow him up a mountain.2)"Now, you,"he said, as he stepped back onto the safe ground.3)The young man flawlessly hit a distant bull's eye, and then split that arrow with his second shot.4)When they reached a deep chasm spanned by a rather flimsy and shaky log, the old master stepped onto the middle of the dangerous bridge, picked a far away target, drew his bow, and fired a clean, direct hit.5)The young man was frozen with fear.6)"You have much skill with your bow,"the master said,"but you have little skill with the mind that releases the shot."7)"There,"he said to the old man,"see if you can match that!"19강.철학, 종교, 역사, 풍습, 지리 1. 소재는 집단을 묶는 전통 Nothing addresses our need to fit in with others as profoundly as traditions.Traditions satisfy our deep emotional needs for belonging and create bonds not easily swayed.1)Developed over time in a country, community, or family, traditions are the foundation of a culture.2)While a ritual is time alone with the soul, traditions are the bonding glue of a group.3)When we participate in a tradition, we are not acting alone but in harmony with others in a common cause, belief, or event.4)The traditional singing of the"Star-Spangled Banner"at the opening of a sporting event bonds the crowd with a common sense of pride and unites them together for the game.5)For more than a hundred years, the passing of the Olympic torch throughout countries has set aside religious differences and race, and opened up nations'borders for a common tradition:the Olympics.6)Caught up in the security of a mutual custom, traditions have their own codes of ethics that transcend differences and unite a people, if only for a moment.2. 소재:논증의 한 비결로 정세 법 1)Abduction is a process of reasoning used to decide which explanation of given phenomena we should select, and so, naturally, it is also called'argument to the best explanation'.2)But the problem we frequently face is that a given body of data may not determine or force us to accept only one explanation.3)This is just the claim that Duhem and Quine have advanced.4)That's where abduction comes in.5)Whether or not their claim is true, however, in cases where we do face a set of alternative explanations, our task as good reasoners must be to decide which one of those explanations best fits the evidence.6)Unsettling as it seems, some philosophers have even argued that for any possible body of evidence there will always be a variety of explanations consistent with it.7)Often we are presented with certain experiences and are called upon to offer some sort of explanation for them.3. 소재:요리, 소비와 사회적계층과 관련된 생활 양식과 관련성 1)What was defined here was a clearly ideological antithesis:the former awoke and stimulated the mind to work and to be productive;whereas the latter was a drink for the inactive and lazy.2)The links between food consumption and lifestyles defined in relation to social hierarchies developed in various ways in centuries later than the sixteenth-century.3)For example, in eighteenth-century Europe, coffee was considered the dominant bourgeois drink, whereas chocolate was aristocratic.4)In the following century, however, coffee had already become a popular beverage in France, as had tea in Holland and England 5)The motif of quality became clearer.Consumers now took for granted that the domain of social privilege expressed itself in the right— or duty— to obtain food products of ever higher quality.6)However, there were still correspondences between typologies of foods and beverages and the typologies of the consumers themselves.4. 소재:이집트 달력의 탄생 The rhythm of the Nile was the rhythm of Egyptian life.1)The primitive Egyptian calendar, naturally enough, was a"nilometer"— a simple vertical scale on which the flood level was yearly marked.2)Even a few years'reckoning of the Nile year showedthat it did not keep in step with the phases of the moon.3)The annual rising of its waters set the calendar of sowing and reaping with its three seasons:inundation, growth, and harvest.4)But very early the Egyptians found that twelve months of thirty days each could provide a useful calendar of the seasons if another five days were added at the end, to make a year of 365 days.5)The flooding of the Nile from the end of June till late October brought down rich silt, in which crops were planted and grew from late October to late February, to be harvested from late February till the end of June.6)The rising of the Nile, as regular and as essential to life as the rising of the sun, m"arked the Nile year"This was the"civil"year, or the"Nile year,"that the Egyptians began to use as early as 4241 BC20강.환경, 자원 재활용 1. 소재:대체 에너지원으로서 원자력과 수력 전기의 한계 1)Nuclear power produces highly radioactive wastes that must be stored and safely disposed of for long periods of time, and hydroelectric power traditionally comes from large dams that block무료-flowing rivers and disturb natural riverine ecosystems. 2)Newer forms of smaller, run-of-river hydroelectric plants avoid the negative consequences of large dams and reservoirs, but their potential physical implementation is limited and so they will never serve as the predominant solution to worldwide energy needs.3)There are some re세로프게 able energy technologies that are only controversially considered alternative, and they include nuclear power and hydropower.4)However, they suffer from other environmental problems that make them unattractive to some advocates of alternative energy solutions.5)Nuclear power and hydropower therefore, as with most alternative energy sources, solve some problems but not others.6)Both nuclear power and hydropower are emission-무료, and so alleviate the most common negative consequence of fossil-fuel-based energy production, air pollution.2. 소재: 다른 용도에 맞게 수정한 옷의 가치 1)Until recently, clothes that were extensively altered from their original form were frequently overlooked in museum collections, as it was believed that their alterations rendered them inauthentic.2)Repurposed clothing tells an even more complex tale than that of secondhand garments.3)In many ways, these garments acted as early models of sustainability.4)Today, however, analyses of such objects by scholars like Alexandra Palmer, fashion curator at The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, as well as the embrace of repurposing techniques by high-end fashion labels, have imbued altered objects with세로프게 found significance.5)Examining remade garments also highlights a resourcefulness and skill that is all but lost in the contemporary fashion industry.6)Such clothing is now used to provide insight on the high value placed on textiles in the past, as well as to how that value has diminished over time.3. 소재:탄산 음료 병을 이용한 절약 에너지기 어린이 디아Kids and adults around the world are coming up with creative ways to use less fuel.1)Until recently, the shacks were completely dark inside.2)But one day, Illac Diaz, who is part of an organization called My Shelter Foundation, looked at an empty pop bottle and had an idea.3)Soon, all around the slum, people were cutting small bottlesized holes into the roofs, inserting a pop bottle(with a few teaspoons of bleach inside to keep dangerous molds from growing)and gluing the bottle into the roof.4)For example, in the slums of Manila, Philippines, people live in tiny shacks made from sheets of metal.5)Suddenly, light poured down into places where people had never had light before.6)Anyone who was too old or sick to go outside had to spend every day in darkness.4. 소재:소비사람의 에너지 사용의 반등 효과 1)Here, the consumer may gain by operating a warmer home for the same or lower cost than they had previously.2)Within the arena of household consumption, research predominantly focuses on direct rebound effects among consumers particularly for energy appliances in the home and fuel efficiency in vehicles.3)However, these savings rarely reach their predicted targets as research indicates that many consumers, recognizing that the light costs less to operate, appear less thorough about switching it off,ress to operate, appear less th less th about switching it off, reaut switching itching it off. higher energy consumption.4)For example, often large energy savings are predicted when consumers replace traditional incandescent light bulbs with more efficient compact fluorescent bulbs.5)Similarly, studies have indicated that energy savings from efficiency improvements, for example, a more efficient space heating unit or increased levels of insulation, are often then spent on increased heating standards.21강, 물리, 화학, 생명 과학, 지구 과학 1. 소재:넌 쵸볼 As pretty as the orchids they pollinate, orchid bees come in a brightly colored array of brilliant and metallic blues, greens, and purples.1)These bees are not social like honeybees— they are typically solitary in nesting, with no division of labor and little communal activity.2)The males leave the nest shortly after birth and never return, spending their lives collecting flower fragrances that they store in special grooves on their hind legs and that may be released to attract females.3)Females construct nests from mud, resins, and other materials and gather both nectar and pollen from a variety of plants. 4)The two hundred species of orchid bees are native to Central and South오메리카 and play an important role in the pollination of many orchids.5)Only a single species can be found in the United States.6)This bee, Euglossa vidrissimia, is a recent arrival from either Mexico or Central오메리카 and was likely introduced to the United States accidentally.2. 소재:액체의 분자의 특성 A liquid is like a gas in that its molecules move around or'flow'(that's why both are called'fluids', while solids aren't). 1)A liquid also fills every nook and cranny, but only up to a certain level.2)A given amount of liquid, unlike the same amount of gas, keeps a fixed volume, and gravity pulls it downwards, so it fills only as much as it needs of the tank, from the bottom upwards.3)But, unlike those of a solid, they do slide around over each other, which is why a liquid behaves as a fluid.4)That's because the molecules of a liquid stay close to each other.5)The volume ofgas rapidly expands to fill the whole tank 6)If you put a gas into a sealed tank, it fills every nook and cranny of the tank up to the top.7)But the molecules in a liquid are much closer to each other than the molecules in a gas.3. 소재:크로기스통 Before formalized science, some very smart people believed in some really weird things.1)At about the same time Johann Sebastian Bach was composing symphonies, many scientists asserted that"phlogiston"resided within everything you could burn, and once you set it on fire, the phlogiston escaped into the air.2)Left in the open, a piece of wood eventually turned to ash and was, as they put it, fully dephlogisticated.3)This idea lasted for about a hundred years before it was debunked by diligent scientific attacks.4)Flames consumed oxygen, and lids starved flames.5)Eventually, scientists realized there was no such thing as phlogiston, and the real magic element was oxygen.6)If you had some burning wood in a pot and placed a lid over it, the flame would go out because the air could hold only so much phlogiston before it was saturated.4. 소재:올빼미의 눈 Over the millennia, owls evolved tubular eyes, which face forward and are immovable, and are the reason owls developed the ability to turn their heads 270 degrees.1)Their large round yellow eyes, with dark pupils wide enough to let in small amounts of light in darkness, are one of the first things we notice about them.2)Studies show that a person's pupils dilate in the presence of someone they are attracted to.3)Owl eyes have more black-and-white detecting rods than color cones, allowing them to see in the dark.4)Advertisers dilate the eyes of models in photographs to make their products more attractive by default.5)Nature, it seems, has prepared us biologically to be attracted to owls by giving them such big eyes. 6)In the human world, large eyes with wide pupils hold a certain attraction both for the viewer and the viewed.22강 스포츠, 레저, 취미, 여행 1. 소재:황무지에 여행 때 휴대하는 장비의 유형 및 관리의 비결 1)A durable space blanket is a good example:It can be used as an added layer of clothing, a signal(orange side in winter;silver side in summer), a water collection device, and shelter.2)Whenever possible, try to bring gear that has multiple uses.3)Specific gear will depend on many factors, which include the environment, weight, and cost.4)A military poncho, thick-ply garbage bags, and parachute lines are a few other examples of multi-use items.5)When traveling into the wilderness, the type of gear you carry can either help or hinder your efforts. 6)When bringing gear that operates on batteries, make sure to protect it from cold, soaking moisture, salt corrosion, and sand by wrapping it with a good insulating material and placing it in a waterproof bag.2. 소재:자연 자원을 이용한 레저 시설 1)Purpose-built ski resorts, or'ski factories'as some tourism and recreation researchers labelled them because of their emphasis on the mass accommodation of skiers and construction from glass, concrete and steel, were built in the late 1950s to aid regional development.2)The French government utilised skiing as a part of its strategies for regional development in the post-Second World War economic reconstruction.3)This process emphasises that nature only becomes a resource when a human value is placed upon it, typically through the market, thus acquiring an instrumental value that previously did not exist.4)This development demonstrates how previously unused nature may become a resource offering economic opportunities.5)The combination of demand from a growing mass leisure class and regional development opportunities has driven similar transformations in many of the world's mountain landscapes for the purpose of recreation and tourism.3. 소재:스포츠 참가와 관람 Participating in sports is quite different from watching sports. 1)Combining them only adds to the confusion of the value of each, leads to suspect conclusions, and interferes with the assessment of the overall influence of sport.2)For example, many people would rate tackle football as the most popular sport in the United States.3)Based on spectator interest, this is a reasonable conclusion.4)Yet in sport studies,these two activities are often lumped together statistically and anecdotally.5)Thus it is more accurate to say that football is the most popular spectator sport in the United States but rates far down the list in participation.6)But if we look at participation, football is popular only through high school and only with boys.7)Beyond age 18, tackle football is not a reasonable option due to the number of players required, lack of equipment, and risk of injury.4. 소재:지속 가능한 관광 사업 1)The 2008 winners of the annual awards for sustainable tourism all demonstrate that best practice in tourism is far-reaching, and extends beyond what was once understood to constitute tourism— mainly just planes, hotels, and beaches.2)Taking tourists to the farmyard, for example, is one way in which they can see how their contribution to sustainability is working.3)At the same time, the country's travel foundation, one of the funding organizations, and the initiative have launched their own farmyard— to demonstrate best practice and to become a tourist attraction on its own merits.4)As an example, the winner of the poverty reduction award was an initiative in which both local farmers and tourists benefit.5)The hoteliers in this award-winning nation have traditionally imported much of their food while ignoring local farmers whose produce was going to waste.6)Now, 1,000 farmers, most of whom are women, have been helped to supply local hotels.23강 노래, 미술, 영화, 무용, 사진, 건축 1. 소재:이상적인 사무 공간 계획 1)The company also saves money because the space requirements of the more open work areas take less square footage than a cubicle plan with aisles.2)Companies feel that the space plans that emphasize collaborative areas help with teamwork and the generation of ideas and solutions.3)With the changes to open collaborative workstations and planning from cubicles, issues of privacy, noise, and loss of work focus have impacted the planning process in recent years.4)This is not to say that companies all want to go back to cubicles and private offices.5)However, many designers and manufacturers find that a blend of collaborative spaces and areas of privacy-although not necessarily private cubicles or offices-has its advantages for many companies6)Many employees have complained that the very open workstation plans and integral collaborative spaces make concentration difficult.2. 소재:사진 작가의 자기 홍보에서 웹 사이 툴의 유용성 Websites are steadily becoming more important in the photographer's self-promotion repertory. If you have a good collection of digital photographs .. whether they have been scanned fr, and display your contact information.1)The benefit of having a website is that it makes it so easy for photo buyers to see your work.You can send e-mails to targeted photo buyers and include a link to your website.2)Of course, your URL should also be included on any print materials, such as postcards, brochures, business cards, and stationery.3)The website does not have to be elaborate or contain every photograph you've ever taken.4)Many photo buyers report that this is how they prefer to be contacted.5)Some photographers even include their URL in their credit line.6)In fact, it is best if you edit your work very carefully and choose only the best images to display on your website.3. 소재:스튜디오 예술가의 자질과 사물을 독창적으로 재구성하는 재능 1)A studio artist works like a novelist.2)Walker Evans wrote in an undated note to himself that anyone who goes to Botticelli to learn about the dress and manners of the fifteenth century is a pedant and a fool.3)The main point is not a compilation of facts about the objects seen, but the genius of their combination into an original composition.4)He or she may pay a great deal of attention to the details of everyday visible reality, but what he or she adds to those observations is the something else, the shaping form supplied by his or her genius.5)Few scholars of the future who look at Jan Groover's breakthrough still-life arrangements of kitchen utensils will spend much time considering the development of the colander in the 1970s.6)The details figure in, but they are not the main point.4. 소재:영화와 건축물 1)Filmmakers,with the help of production designers, art directors, location managers, and countless other members of cast and crew, insert architecture into their films.2)On a practical level, architecture sets a scene, conveying information about plot and character while contributing to the overall feel of a movie.3)Architects, for their part, create not only the structures that appear in films but the structures in which films appear— theaters— and the very infrastructure that supports the film industry.4)In more discreet ways, filmmakers can use their cameras to make statements about the built— or unbuilt— environment, or use that environment to comment metaphorically on any of a variety of subjects, from the lives of the characters in their films to the nature of contemporary society.24강.교육, 학교, 진로 1. 소재:학습자의 특성에 따른 다양한 교육의 필요성 Why must we keep insisting that education is primarily academic in nature?Why is there a hierarchical structure of education that places academia at the top and the arts at the bottom?Learning take"s many forms"Children do not all learn in the same way.1)Some will do well learning in this way.A great deal will not.2)The latter of these children prefer to learn with their bodies, with their hearts and with their imaginations.3)You cannot seat them all behind desks in a classroom, dictate information to them and expect them to absorb all of it like sponge 4)They are absolutely wonderful people who give so much joy and happiness to others, yet we do not value them as we should.5)They are the dancers, the runners, the singers, the actors, and the writers.6)Instead, we reprimand them for not fitting in with the other mob.2. 소재 정보화 시대에 학교가 직면한 도전 1)Students, teachers, and leaders are changing as a result of the proliferation of technology in the real world.2)Despite decades of national, state, and local promotion of educational uses of technology, classroom practice in most schools has changed little from that of the mid-20th century.3)This challenge is compounded by issues related to aging infrastructure, inequity in funding, and a global focus on standardization.4)Our information society needs people who can effectively manage and use ever-increasing amounts of information to solve complex problems and to make decisions in the face of uncertainty.5)This presents a bit of a paradox as the concept of schools as the traditional factory model of education is incompatible with the evolving demands of the information age.6)As society continues to rapidly change due to the evolution of a global economy and advances in technology, schools continue to function in the same way as they did 100 years ago.3. 소재:교사가 될 준비 때문에 필요한 것 A common misconception among students of education is that if they pass the required courses, everything will work when they enter the classroom.1)Although some people do seem to have a knack for teaching, what they really have is a talent for communicating.2)However, the students you will work with are unique in time and in the environment in which you actually encounter them. 3)It requires being able to teach some very specific information and skills under some rather specific conditions of time, place, and available materials.4)Your teacher education program can prepare you for what things will be"like,"but it is only a representation of the reality you will experience.5)Yet, teaching in a school requires more than just being a good communicator.6)Who can criticize a nice knack like that? 7)You can be prepared, but ultimately you will have to observe, assess, and adjust on your own.4. 소재:형세에 대한 자신의 평가 In a movie of long ago, Sleeper, the protagonist wakes up from a several-hundredyear sleep understandably malnourished and disoriented.1)While intended to be funny, that scene captures the dilemma you face when evaluating information and research to guide your behavior.2)On one hand, you should exhibit healthy skepticism toward ideas that conflict with what you think you already know, or what has been grounded in your experience.3)Now, they say, everyone knows that they cause cancer.4)It is not enough to hear experts tell you things unless you evaluate them for yourself.5)His doctors are overheard planning a high-potency diet of sugar-laden foods for him, shaking their heads at the"primitive"beliefs that the medical establishment once held in the twenty-first century that vegetables were good for you.6)Yet, on the other hand, you should force yourself to remain open to세로프게 ideas that may actually be more accurate and useful.25강의 언어, 문학, 문화 1. 소재:의사 소통의 의미 Communication is not merely a matter of producing effects on other communicators;it is one of actually engaging with them.1)They have been put into a form in which they can be shared.2)They must start with something in common, too, even if this is only the language they share.3)Communication does not demand complete agreement or acceptance, but it does demand understanding.4)When put into language, my thoughts, ideas, notions, and beliefs are no longer mine alone(assuming they ever were). 5)The primary aim of language use is understanding;all of the other effects my linguistic actions may have on other people(getting my listeners to agree with me, to obey my orders, to trust me, or whatever)only come about because what I have tried to communicate has been understood.6)Communicating is a kind of sharing.When two people communicate(rather than"talk at each other"), they come to have something in common.2. 소재:계승되기 위한 구전 문학의 특성 1)People are unlikely to retain information that is easily forgotten or misremembered, particularly in cultures relying on an oral tradition.2)Homer is filled with concrete action, not because the Greeks had trouble with abstraction but because the constraint of human memory makes concrete images more likely to survive generation after generation of oral transmission.3)Human memory limits which cultural variants can be remembered and transmitted successfully.4)As one example of his approach, he used work on imagery in cognitive psychology to argue that epic ballads such as the Iliad or Odyssey tend to focus on concrete, easily visualized actions because people find it easier to remember events that are concrete and easy to visualize.5)David Rubin, a professor at Duke University, provided a brilliant account of how the cognitive structure of memory affects the content of oral traditions such as epic ballads or counting-out rhymes.3. 소재:테이블의 공유를 통한 집단의 정체성의 확인 1)"To live on one bread and one wine,"that is, to share food, is in medieval language an almost technical way of signifying that one belongs to the same family.2)Even the peasant family defines its own identity at the table.3)On all social levels sharing a table is the first sign of membership in a group.4)That might be the family but also a broader community— each brotherhood, guild, or association reasserts its own collective identity at the table.5)Every monastic community demonstrates its intimacy in the refectory where all are supposed to share the meal from which are temporarily excluded only the excommunicated— those who are impure because they have some guilt.6)Even today in different dialectal expressions, the house is identified with the food that allows the domestic community to live there together:"Let's go home"(andiamo in casa)in the traditional vocabulary of the Romagna region meant,"Let's go into the kitchen."4. 소재:개념의 부호화 가능성 The Arabic language doesn't have a single word for compromise, which some have said is the reason that Arabs seem to be unable to reach a compromise.1)This example illustrates codability, which refers to the ease with which a language can express a thought.2)When a concept requires more than a single word for its expression, it possesses lower codability.3)Yet, the Arabic language does provide several ways to articulate the concept of compromise, the most common being an expression that translates in English to"we reached a middle ground."4)However, having a phrase rather than a single word to express an idea does not mean that the idea is nonexistent in a given culture, only that it is less easily put into the language code.5)It is accurate, then, to say that the idea of compromise has lower codability in Arabic than in English.6)Thus, the existence of the word compromise gives that idea high codability in English 7)When a language has a convenient word for a concept, that concept is said to have high codability.26강 컴퓨터, 인터넷, 정보, 미디어, 교통 1. 소재:유형 무형의 문화 유산의 복원과 체험을 위한 가상 기술의 활용 1)For intangible cultural heritage, we look to find the best way based on its features to reconstruct and integrate forms of visual or experience by making intangible into tangible. 2)In addition, we can combine material cultural heritage with intangible cultural heritage and make thepreservation and transmission of cultural heritage more three-dimensional and deeper.3)For material cultural heritage, such as relics, groups of buildings and ruins, we can use virtual representation technology to restore the appearance of cultural heritage by the models in real life and display it comprehensively.4)Virtual representation of cultural heritage means using technologies, such as digital photography, 3D information acquisition, multimedia, and virtual reality, to create a virtual situation that can allow experience to a cultural heritage, which can provide the protection and spread of the cultural heritage.2. 소재:자동차와 운전자의 관계에 대한 전망 1)In the not-too-distant future, a driverless car could come to you when you need it, and when you are done with it, it could then drive away without any need for a parking space.2)As a result, the symbolic meanings derived from cars and their relationship to consumer self-identity and status are likely to change in turn.3)Increases in car sharing and short-term leasing are also likely to be associated with a corresponding decrease in the importance of exterior car design.4)As cars are becoming less dependent on people, the means and circumstances in which the product is used by consumers are also likely to undergo significant changes, with higher rates of participation in car sharing and short-term leasing programs. 5)Rather than serving as a medium for personalization and self-identity, car exteriors might increasingly come to represent a channel for advertising and other promotional activities, including brand ambassador programs, such as those offered by Free Car Media.3. 소재:인터넷과 사고 1)I now do the bulk of my reading and researching online.And my brain has changed as a result.2)As I explained in the Atlantic in 2008,"What the Net seems to be doing is chipping away my capacity for concentration and contemplation.3)Knowing that the depth of our thought is tied directly to the intensity of our attentiveness, it's hard not to conclude that as we adapt to the intellectual environment of the Net our thinking　becomes shallower.4)My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it:in a swiftly moving stream of particles."5)My own reading and thinking habits have shifted dramatically since I first logged on to the Web fifteen years ago or so.6)Even as I've become more adept at navigating the rapids of the Net, I have experienced a steady decay in my ability to sustain my attention.4. 소재:인지 컴퓨팅 Cognitive computing is supported by machine learning and deep learning technology, which allows computers to autonomously learn from data.1)Put simply, if we give the computer a picture of a cat and a picture of a ball, and show it which one is the cat, we can then ask it to de if subsequent pictures contain cats. 2)This technology means computers can change and improve their algorithms by themselves, without being explicitly programmed by humansHow does it work?3)Today's machine learning algorithms can do this unsupervised, meaning they do not need their decisions to be pre-programmed.4)Google's voice recognition algorithms, for instance, work from a massive training set, but it's still not nearly big enough to predict every possible word, phrase or question.5)The same principle applies to even more complex tasks, albeit with a much larger training set.6)The computer compares other images to its training data set(i.e.the original cat image)and comes up with an answer.27베스트의 감정, 대인 관계 1. 소재:지지자들의 기대에 부합하기 위한 지도자들의 책입니다 1)For leaders, eternally in the spotlight, the most important ingredient for gaining followers'confidence is to live up to expectations, particularly the expectations they have created themselves.2)Followers are very sensitive to leaders who seem to go back on their word and/or don't take their own medicine.3)In many languages, the saying is that confidence"comes by foot and leaves by horse,"which goes to show that the speed at which confidence can crumble has been known to humanity for a long time.4)Therefore, leaders need to safeguard the faith that people have in them by acting in accordance with the expectations they have raised themselves— they need to"walk the talk"instead of only being the"sage on stage"who has all the wise words but exhibits few of the wise deeds.5)Leaders need to do what they promise and practice what they preach.2. 소재:공포의 긍정적 기능 There are physiological processes that take place when we are faced with something that scares us.1)As they surge through our systems, these chemicals keep us from feeling pain and give us a rush of energy and clarity that can help us when we need it most.2)Many survivors of natural disasters and plane crashes talk about how in the heat of the moment, they just did what they had to do, without awareness of their injuries or any feeling of loss of control.3)You've heard of average-size mothers finding the strength to pull heavy objects off their children before they're crushed.4)When we're frightened, the brain releases two groups of chemicals, endocannabinoids and opioids.5)In these cases, fear actually enables people to take extreme measures in order to survive.6)That's adrenaline, one of the hormones triggered by fear.3. 소재:형세 단서 1)Students were much more generous and cooperative when the game was called the"Community Game"than when the same game was labeled the"Wall Street Game."2)In an even more subtle manipulation of social norms, half the students in one experiment were primed for interdependence(by completing sentences containing words such as"group,""칭구 ships, or"together")while the other half were primed for independence (by completing sentences containing words such as "independent, "individual, " or "self-contained" 3)Several studies find situational cues can radically change people's mental set about what is normatively appropriate ina social dilemma.4)For example, different groups of students in one study played a dilemma game according to identical rules, with only the name of the game varying.5)The students who were primed for interdependence were later more cooperative and trusting in a public-goods dilemma.4. 소재:소셜 미디어를 통해서 얻은 조언 1)Consider social media.Let's say it's Friday night and you plan to go to the cinema, but you are not sure what to see.2)You ask your online친구 s for their advice.Ten people comment, and seven of them suggest The Theory of Everything.3)Did seven people like The Theory of Everything so much that the movie instantly came to mind when they commented on your post?4)Maybe.Here is another possibility:one친구 recommended the movie on your page and the others were then biased in that direction.5)Once a친구 or two recommended the film, other친구 s who did not like the movie as much refrained from saying so, or even avoided recommending a different film so as not to offend the others or stand out as a black sheep.28강 정치 경제사회 법 1. 소재:운반 가능한 가치 저장실로 돈의 특징 1)The fruits of our labor can be held in a crystallized form— instead of exchanging work directly for goods, we exchange it for cash, which can then be spent at our convenience.2)Money therefore holds value the same way a battery holds energy, and makes it movable both in time and space(unlike some other stores of value, such as land)3)One of the most fundamental characteristics of money is that it acts as an easily transportable store of value.4)To be of use, money must be not just portable but also easily exchangeable.5)A paycheck in one's pocket can be spent whenever and wherever one wants— providing, of course, that someone is willing to accept it.2. 소재:지식 사회의 출현 1)From the absolute perspective, the knowledge society represents a more radical change, because it enables세로프게 forms of knowledge socialization and세로프게 possibilities to store the output of learning across time and space.2)Therefore, the expression"Knowledge Society"is an apt description of the contemporary world. The emergence of the knowledge society can be conceptualized on a relative or on an absolute basis in relation to industrial society.3)In the absolute approach, knowledge society is contrasted with industrial society as postindustrial society, with capitalism as post-capitalist society, and with modern society as postmodern society.4)These theorists argue that post-industrial society— and indeed the entire economy— is increasingly based on knowledge production.5)From the relative perspective, the knowledge society is an evolutionary development, where the production of knowledge becomes relatively more important than the production of tangible goods in the economy.6)In recent years, several theorists have considered knowledge as the main source of competitive advantage.3. 소재:고용 증가에 의한 한계 생산 체감 현상 Suppose a donut store has three workers working in limited, often confined kitchen space.To increase productivity, the store may want to employ more workers.1)The workers will have to wait in line to use the machinery, walkway spaces will become crammed with people and raw materials, and the store would turn into one giant mess.2)For a period of time, the workers will help productivity.3)In time, if the store continues to hire more employees, the total product will go to zero due to the lack of store space.4)Soon, the workers will start getting in one another's way, and this will result in negative growth for the store.5)Over time with each세로프게 worker added, production will begin to increase at smaller intervals.6)Consequently, the total product of the store will start diminishing;the marginal product of additional workers will decline because of the amount of labor relative to machinery.4. 소재:고령화에 대한 인식 향상 1)As older people become more numerous and visible, stereotypical attitudes and discriminatory practices that disadvantage older people are more likely to be challenged. 2)One impact of the growth of the older population is the increased visibility of aging, which results in more awareness among the general population about older people, and about the diversity and uniqueness among older individuals.3)While most people in ads are still young, our images of aging are changing along with heightened awareness of the aging of society.4)For example, in comparing magazine advertisements in the year 2014 to those from 1980, we see a marked increase in both the number of ads that feature older people and in the average age of many models.5)There may be no better example of this trend than the skyrocketing popularity of TV personality Betty White, age 92 at the time of this writing.29강.의학, 건강, 영양, 식품 1. 소재:언어와 음식의 구조적 엄격성의 차이 Food is, indeed, rather like language, but one can be more무료 with food.It is not so tightly structured as the elements of language are.1)Consider the simplest case:the similarity of combining phonemes into a word and ingredients into a dish.2)To that extent, food is less tightly structured.One does not automatically reduce a range of different experiences to"the same thing."3)A minimal sort of Texas chili might have three ingredients:beans, chili, and meat.4)"Tree"has three phonemes:/t/,/r/and/i/(/i/is used to write the"ee"응 in standard소리 transcriptions). 5)With the food, tripling the chili, or using a different type of bean, changes the dish materially and provides a quite different experience.6)With the word, if you mispronounce it(dree)drag out one음(treeee), write it, yell it, or otherwise mangle it, it is still"the same word"to an English speaker.2. 소재:단일 영양의 역할에 대한 과장 1)Nutrition scientists have also tended to exaggerate any beneficial or harmful health effects of single nutrients.2)It has also involved the premature translation of an observed statistical association between single nutrients and diseasesinto a deterministic or causal relationship, according to which single nutrients are claimed to directly cause, or at least increase the risk of, particular diseases.3)Nutrition experts have, for example, made definitive statements about the role of single nutrients, such as the role of fat or fiber, in isolation from the foods in which we find them.4)The role of nutrients has often been interpreted outside the context of the foods, dietary patterns, and broader social contexts in which they are found 5)For example, the harmful effects of total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol— and the benefits of polyunsaturated fats, omega-3 fats, and vitamin D— have all, arguably, been exaggerated, if not in some cases seriously misrepresented, over the years.6)This single-nutrient reductionism often ignores or simplifies the interactions among nutrients within foods and within the body.3. 소재:믹크 남북 전쟁 때 병사들의 통조림 식품 체험 Soldiers'wartime exposure to commercially canned foods, though occasional, generated the beginnings of consumer trust.1)Tastes were often slow to change when ordinary consumers were given a choice between세로프게 products and their go-to standards.2)After the war, they brought these세로프게 preferences home with them.3)The nature of trust that these battlefield encounters fostered was not yet rooted in scientific certainty, a better understanding of the risks, or knowledge of where the food had come from. 4)Rather, it sprang from exposure and familiarity that made a세로프게 kind of food seem worth sampling and its convenience and accessibility worth appreciating.5)This trust flowed back up the chain of production, providing the first faint signs of wider demand that canners needed in order to innovate and expand.6)But because army men in the아메리 카 n Civil War had little choice when it came to their food supply, they gave세로프게 foods a chance and widened their palates to partially accommodate canned foods.4. 소재:건강에 유해한 행동을 할 이유 1)We need to find out why people are not naturally motivated to eat sensibly and take exercise, and why the motivation to consume alcohol or to smoke persists in spite of their harmful effects on the body.2)With regard to nutrition there is some feedback from research, but it takes a very long time for the results of research to spread through society.3)The explanation is that the mechanisms of biochemical adaptation oppose clinical manifestations of nutritional imbalances(deficits or excesses of nutrients)and pronounced disturbances or disease arise only after the adaptation reserves have become exhausted.4)A similar phenomenon is observed with chronic consumption of alcohol and heavy smoking over a long period.5)The probable reason is that good or bad effects are not felt immediately but only several years or even decades later.3부 인연 스토우표은 test 11. 소재:그와잉무 가지 치기 봉사 For many communities, the tree pruning cycle runs over the course of many years Our city staff is focused on larg.e tree removals and mature trees that need specialized equipment to reach and prune. Smaller trees, however, can be pruned from the ground level by citizen volunteers. To beers. To be The pruning training takes roughly 3-4 hours of class time, then you head out to the field to practice your pruning skills with a group.Any amount of pruning time you can offer lends a great deal of help to the community to ensure a healthier urban forest.If you are interested and want to join the mailing list for updates on upcoming trainings and events, go to www.mntreesource.org.Go to the'Communities'tab and click on'Maple Grove'to access the sign-up form.2. 소재:폭풍이 지그와의 간 뒤의 갈등 urgent and tragicOne day, my father and I were working in the orchard, when the sky turned midnight pitch black at noontimeMy father advised that we take the fruit and return to the house Just as we got home, the wind began to blow so hard that we couldn't see anything but debris blowing.ields, including my father's tools!Before we could gather them up again, people came in droves, even our neighbors, and stole the tools.There were so many thieves that we couldn't stop them or prove that the tools were ours.3. 소재:어린이의 광고 방송 제작의 어려움(difficulty of making effective commercials for children)As a parent, can you get through to your kids? Visualize the job of the professional communicator who is trying to get through to millions at the Is it any wonder that children's commercials appear so simpleminded. The communicator, without a sharp focus on which group he or she is addressing, risks goingsion of too many details is both awkward and confusing to the younger part of the group II.g art at best.4. 소재:나의 능력을 필요로 하는 곳에서 일하는 것의 의미 Success obviously adds to our enjoyment of games and work. However, contrary to the rhetoric of coaches and inspirational leaders, this does not mean that we have to"win"all the time A few years ago, there was an advertisement on television featuring basketball player Michael Jordan.In the ad, Jordan explained that from elementary school through his career in the NBA, he had played in 4,900 games.Thirty-nine times he had been in a position to win the game with the last shot~ and missed Wasketball fun for him even though he missed those shots and his team lost those games? I have no doubt it is more fun to witse their abilities when it really counts. From the perspective of the individual working person, the key to a great workplace is feeling wanted and important.5. 소재:성공을 구분하는 가장 중요한 요인인 소프트 스킬 In a New York Times interview with Gary Smith, the CEO of telecommunications company Ciena, he emphasizes the value of"soft skills":"Relationships really matter, and you need to get that right, both for your career as an individual and as a future leader. I think a lot of people pay attention to the technical stuff and the hard stuff But it's the softer side that will get you every time if you're not paying attention to it. It's probably the biggest determinant of whether you're going to be successful."We most oftenned or quantified than hard skills, but which often factor as key differentiators.6. 소재:뇌의 절반이다.수면 상태를 취하는 몇몇 동물들(Why Some Animals Sleep Half-Awake) Biologists report that many birds and sea mammals have the ability to sleep with only one hemisphere of the brain at a.he water lest Migratory birds employ a variety of half-asleep, half-awake states in order to cover great distance quickly Even more sedentary birds, like mallard ducks, can sleep one and switch places so the other half of their brains and bodies can sleep.7. 도표 소재:기술이 경력 이과의 직업에 미친 영향 8. 안내문 소재:땅, 쓰레기 수집 행사 Dump the JunkThe spring Dump the Junk event will be held on Saturday and Sunday, April 30 and May 1, from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm at the DPS yard at 8555 Groh Rd.There will be dumpsters available for disposal of items that cannot be picked up through the normal curbside program. For example, large furniture, large logs, and used tires. Andke or other item, bring it along; someone else might be able to find a good use for it! Unacceptable items include hazardous waste materials such as chemicals such or other items include hazard ood hazardous waste materials such as chemicals such as chemicals sus or oils, building materials, light bulbs, or batteries.Dump the Junk is limited to island residents only and excludes any businesses.9. 스토리 일치 소재:Rpslinadale Village홀리데이 진열창 장식 콘테스트 안내 Roslindale Village Main Street's Holiday Window Decorating ContestJoin in the holiday festivities by decorating your storefront and participating in the Roslindale Village and citywide Boston Main Streets holiday window decorating contests!Window decorating must be completed by noon, December 1st.Decorated windows will be photographed and posted on the Roslindale Village Main Street website(www.RVMS.com)as soon as they're completed.Judging will take place from 5 to 8 pm on December 1st as part of the kickoff of the Holiday Wander.Roslindale residents will participate in a walking tour of the village and will submit their ballots to the RVMS office by 8 pm on December 1st.The Roslindale winner will be selected by December 8th and will be entered into the citywide Boston Main Streets contest, with online voting taking place from December 12th to 18th. The citywide Grand Prize winner will be announced on December 20th. 10. 소재:John McCarthyIn the 1940s, when he was a student at the California Institute of Technology, John McCarthy attended a lecture by Hungarian-오메리카 n mathematician John von Neumann about"self-replicating automata,"or machines that could make copies of themselves.(No such machines existed.Von Neumann's idea was just a theory.)After the lecture, McCarthy reasoned that a machine that could reproduce itself might be able to attain some form of intelligence.The idea stuck in his mind.In 1964 McCarthy joined the faculty of Stanford University in California and founded the school's AI(Artificial Intelligence)lab.At that time, he was optimistic that scientists could create an AI system within ten years.In later life, McCarthy had a more realistic view.Writing for the Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery in 2003, he set the odds of achieving artificial intelligence at"0.5 probability in the next 49 years, but a 0.25 probability that 49 years from now, the problems will be just as confusing as they are today."11. 소재:창의적인 반응을 촉발하는 이례적인 결합 Integrators uncover opportunities by combining contrasting ideas.1Merging opposites can yield breakthrough discoveries Although no one formula exists, novelty through integra.typical combinations yield the greatest number of emergent propertiesIn 2002, Ward conducted research in which college students interpreted various types of adjective-noun combinations and④ were told to"think of a single meaning that best describes the pair."His most notable finding was that unusual combinations, such as"undressed enemy"or"entertaining delay,"and pairs of words with opposing meanings, such as"hea.lthy illness"or"painful joy"⑤ prompting/prompted the most creative responses.12. 소재:악보 표기의 장단점 Notation was more than a practical method for preserving an expanding repertoire of뮤직 It changed the nature of the art itself.To write something down means that people far away in space and time can① recreate it.At the same time, there are② downsides.Written notes무료 ze the뮤직 rather than allowing it to develop in the hands of individuals, and it 3 discourages improvisation.Partly because of notation, modern classical performance 4 eon.Most world뮤직 is still basically aural, including sophisticated뮤직 al traditions such as Indian and Balinese.Most jazz·뮤직 ians can read뮤직 but often don't bother, and their art is much⑤ involved with improvisation.Many modern pop음악 ians, one example being Paul McCartney, can't read뮤직 at all.13. 소재:믹크의 이모 집에서 보낸 Anna Margolin의 나 날 Anna Margolin was eighteen and a half when she went to오메리카 for the first time, in 1906.Her Aunt Lena welcomed her as her own child. ① She got her own room in the spacious house on Rodney Street, in Williamsburg, and was dressed and cared for as a daughter.A tutor was soon hired who came to the house every evening to teach② her English. In the house were her aunt's own two children, one of whom later became a prominent doctor.They were both, it seems, younger than she and very respectful of 3 her.For several weky at school, and 4 she was left in the house by herself.She had nothing to say to the maid, and besides, the maid was busy with 5 her work.The few books that Anna Margolin found in her aunt'She began to grow bored.14. 소재:뇌의 유연성 The brain's memory store has revealed itself to be far more flexible than anyone ever imagined.John Ratey cites the example of a brilliant young오메리카 n violinist called Martha Curtis.As she grew up,Martha suffered such disturbing epileptic seizures that doctors decided they had to remove the part of her braresponsible for her seizeizeizeizeed they had to remove the part of her braresponsible for her seizeizeizeizeizeizeisponsible The problem was that the part involved was that identified with 뮤직al skill Surgeons cut away a little at first, fearing Martha would lose her 뮤직al gift. Eventually they had to remove the whole area in order to stop the seizures Remarkably, the surgery, though stopping her fits, had no effect on her음악 ianship at all ... she played as beautndamaged region of the brain.15. 소재:미술 자체보다는 미술가에게 주고 돈은 현대 미술의 There is a real investment made by many of us today in the idea that artistic practice was liberated whejudgments of both taste and politics ceased to be the criterion for (good) art But there has been a price, and it is artists who pay it it . although the opposite at first appear to be the cave been deregulated They are strategies chosen by artists themselves as an expression of their individual and uncensored artistsored atists as an expression of their uncension and uncensored and uncensored although the opposite Artists are iconic embodiments, almost advertisementiennials that legitimate the artists, on which they(un-무료 ly)depend.16. 소재:생명 공학을 이용한 동물 세포에서 고기 생산 In the twenty-first century, biotechnology could be used in many different ways. On the one hand, we could use it to design cows, pigs, and chickens who grow faster and produce more meat, without any thought about the suffering we inflict on these anim.If we follow that path, biotechnology may well be transformed from the nemesis of farm animals into their salvation.It could produce the meat so many humans crave without taking such an enormous toll on the planet, since growing meat is much more efficient than raising animals to later turn into that same meat.17. 소재:아동 문학 번역가의 딜레마 Whereas characters'names are rarely changed in the translation of adult fiction, translators writing for children often adapthem, for example by using equivalents in the target language such as Hans/ an alternative in the target language names,thus giving rise to a dilemma that Anthea Bell cites in her'Translator's notebook': 'The idea'hind all this is to avoid p.lator of children's literature."18소재:개발 도상국에서의 식량 생산 능력 유지 → In developing countries, maintaining the actual food production capacity for the current generation is likely to be more of an issue.1 In such contexts, the experiences of oldereas for agricultural production, however strict, provides no guarantee of continued agricultural production.3 This depends more on the continued possibility for farmers and their families to cont 4y far, the largest single contributor to agricultural income is livestock production but it is also considered a major contributor to agricultural pollution. 5 This is why some pollye on production practices near urban zones.19. 소재:자연에 존재하는 매콤한 냄새와 인위적으로 합성한 매콤한 냄새의 구별 In the case of perfume and odours emitted from non-food sources, people believed they were intuitively able to differentiate between'naturally-occurring'and'synthetic'odours by the nature of the source.(B)'Synthetic'is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as 'a substance made by chemical synthesis, especially to imitate a natural product' Perfumes, for example, were generally described as syntheic, whereas syntheetic, whereas sy nglishereas sy dic, whereas tionaryntionarynglishereasA) However, the distinction between naturally-occurring occurring chemically-dependent process. Also, synthetic undours of leather are frequently used in product manufacturing processes in order to provide an illusion of leather and an association with quitions of naturally of naturallyying between people.20. 소재:나의 영역을 방어하겠다는 굴뚝새 I had broken my leg skiing last winter— first time down the hill— and had received some money from a school insurance policy designed to reward unfortunate, clumsy children. I purchased a cassette recorder with the proceeds.(C)My dad suggested that I sit on the back lawn, record the wren's song, play it back, and watch what hawn voice.That that hawn voice.et knocked off his perch by a diving wren.21. 소재:야생 동물 피해 관리 Some people have defined wildlife damage management as the science and management of overabundant species, but this definition is too narrow.(1)All wildlife species act in ways that harm human interests.(2)Thus, all species cause wildlife damage, nota least tern.)Certainly, we would not consider peregrine falcons as being overabundant, but we wish that they would not feed on an endangered species.(4)In this case, one of the negmage management in this case would be to stop the falcons from eating the terns without harming the falcons.22. 소재:뇌의 관계 파악 능력 Computers are extremely poor at making inferences and deducing relationships.(①)Computer programmers, Jeff Hawkins argues, take the wrong approach in trying to make machines do these things.(②)They write programs that carry out top-down analysis, trying to match objects against predefined taxonomies.(3 The brain, on the other hand, makes inferences and deduces relationships very quickly and effic of dog is quickly recognized as a dog because the brain's neural representation of dogness is the nearest match to its shape.(⑤)The brain can quickly find matches and near-matches because its neurons are massively interconnected.23. 소재:인간의 발명품 수의 기능 It may seem odd to suggest that numbers are a human invention.After all, some might say, regardless of whether humans ever existed, there would still be predictable numbers in nature, be it eight(octopus legs), four(seasons), twenty-nine(days in a lunar cycle), and so on.uman mental experience. Octopus legs would occur in regular groups even if we were unable to perctive that regularity. Numbers, though, are the words and other symbolic repres wes create conceptual boundaries between quantities.Those boundaries may reflect a real division between quantities.Those boundaries may reflect a real division between between between quanties.turally existing quantities.[24~25]소재:문화마다 다른 노래의 기대와 다양한 감상의 규준 제목 4 Musical Expectations and Experiences Are Culturally BoundThe mind has a remarkable facility for categorizing새 로견 experiences into learned patterns largely shared within a cultureprocess transforms the 세로게into the (a) familiar and allows us to make sense of the 세로게움s and images weenter every day. So, no matter how 뮤직ally open-minded we try to be, our experienpect harmony as a standard 뮤직al trait. Harmony, several notes occurring at the same time to form a cha matter how 뮤직al how 뮤직 ally, several notes occurring at the same time to form a time to form a time to form a time time time time to form instead of listening to what is there&other dimensions of소리 and to nuances of melodic variation and pariation(d)social lives, through their context. Much of the뮤직 making that we hear in Western culture comes from professionals who are paid to entertain. At a party, few nonprofessionals would fe function.[26~28]소재:서로 적이 가능하도록 불신(A)There was once a tribe of people who lived in a cave high on a hillside There they hunted for food, gathered the fruits that the earth yielded, cared for their children, listen.y some people from a different tribe came through the valley.(c) They too were looking for a cave to make world, after all, was a very big place(D) When the first When the first world, after all, was avery big place(D) When the first when the first Can (d) we trust them? And then, just in case these 셀로게comers should prove to be hoistile, they began to build a pile of stones with which to defend themselves. The 셀로게 arrivals, in their turn, looked across The people here seemed to be very warlike. Were they intending to attack them with those stones? How should they defend themselves if (e) they did? So they too began to build up a piletack us. (b) We should build our pile of stones even higher."And so it went on, each group adding more and more stones to their pile, their mutual distrust growing greater every day.Until eventually the piles of stones were so high that neither tribe could see the faces of their neighbours any longer.All they could see was an enemy.2장 test1. 소재:조사 논문 내용 소개나 원고 검토 요청 Dear Dr.Jackson:Two colleagues and I have completed a survey of 500 staff nurses in long-term care throughout the United States. We asked about their knowledge and information needs regarding long-term care federal rules and regulations. A manuscript titled"Nurses'Knowledge and In-term care settings throughout the United States.The survey met rigorous review standards before use and had a return response rate of 44%. Interesting findings are noted Overall, it was found that staff nurses are very knowledgeable regarding long-term care rules and regulations Would you be interested in reviewing this manuscript? This manuscript is not under Thank you for your time and support in this endeavor I look forward to your responseSincerely yours, Christopher Freeman 2. 소재:글라이더 조종 대회에서 입상(pleased and happy)After all the glider pilots land, they stand on a platform to receive their awards.There are many photographers taking pictures.Rick and Gloria stand very proud.Butch is also very proud of his students.Butch has also brought a camera and is taking pictures of all the pilots Butch's 칭구 brings everybody big hotdogs selling on the field "Gosh, I'm hungry, says Gloria Rick also eats real fast. The first pilot that came in first place is awarded one thous. He makes a speech and says how proud he is to receive it. Gl She continues to say that she had no idea she would come in second place and that she feels very excited on how everything turned out.Everybody claps for Gloria.3. 소재:나를 가장 먼저 돌보는 필요성(무리한 요구는 죄책감을 느끼지 않고 거절하고 자신의 내가 돌보라.)Start by realising that you must look after yourself first, otherwise you'll be of no use to others-there's a reason why airlines tell you to fit your oxygen mask first in case of an emergency~ if you're not okay, you can't It's not selfish, it's essential That might take a little practice, especially if you're someone who's used to saying 'yes' to everything that's asked of you're someone who's used to saying 'yes' to everythat's asked of you's asked of you. Next time you're feeling overburdened by other people'sourself in the situation— and you're the one who can change it by learning to say a guilt-무료'no'.4. 소재:신체 활동을 하게 타고난 인간의 몸(유전적으로 타고난 것보다 적게 움직이는 현대인은 신체 활동이 필요하다.)For a long period in human evolution, our ancestors lived as hunter-gathererers. Moving across plains and mountains to hunt game and gather nuts and berries was necessary to our survivival. This meanvity that young kids, adults, and senior citizens get today is usually well below what we are genetically predisposed to do. The consequences of a sedentary that we are genetically predisposed to do. The consequences of a sedentary of a sedentary this mequences of well as their physical muscles.And a regular exercise regimen for adults helps prevent mental decline.5. 소재:세로프게 세대의 직업 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인 The deal of a"job for life"in return for compliance has all but disappeared. For employers and employees alike, the challenge has become employability, with its paradoxical consequences:to attract and kep the best in the war for talent, employers ofewhere. Extrinsic motivation factors, such as salary, health cover or security, are no longer the only parameters involved: intrinsic motivation fotivation fo longer the only parameters inved: intrinsic motivation fotivation fotivation fotivation.r a sense of meaning in work, the need for trust and creativity, and the opportunity to become acreat go무료 lance.6. 소재:벌집의 형세에 의한 일벌의 뇌의 화천-New Responsibility Revives the Brains of Old BeesWhen older bees begin collecting nectar and pollen from outside the hive, their brains change, and not really for the better.For example, after they memorize the surroundings of the hive,they lose the ability to learn세로프게things Normally,they stay until they die However, sometimes "normal" gets disrupted; for example, if a hihihihiiver, sometimes "normal" gets disrupted; for example, if a hive.. Here's where it gets interesting:researchers from Arizona State University discovered that going back to larvae-rearing makes their old brains work again like young brains, restoring their mental agility and ability to learn.[if!supportEmptyParas]->7. 도표 소재:믹크 농산물 수입액의 지면별 점유율 8. 안내문 소재:직장 탁구 경기 프로그램 Table Tennis Workplace Challenge Held in the Star Sports ComplexFriday 28thSeptemberfrom 6 to 10 pmTable Tennis England and Sheffield Wednesday Community Programme present the table tennis workplace challenge. You and your colleagues can compete for the table tennis title whilst enjoying an evening of f up yourself and two colleagues to play in the tournament.-Multiple teams per workplace are accepted.-Entry fee is£10 per person.Special Event-You vs Robot— compete against our table tennis robot to see who wins!(Friends and family are all welcome to come and support your team.Snacks and soft drinks are available for spectators.Click here to register now!For more information, visit our website at www.ttwc.org.9. 안내문 소재:스웨덴 카누 투어링 Sweden Canoe Trip 2019 The Sweden Canoe Trip will take place in the warmest and the most picturesque area of Sweden:Varmland.We will move from island to island in canoes and have all our required equipment and food with us. We will have two canoeing groups:one group canoeing approximately 65 km round-trip and the other touring around the banks of Lake Foxen for approximately 50 km.Dates:25 June-4 JulyAge:Grades 6-12Location:Varmland, SwedenCost:€ 645 per personMinimum of 20 students required.Early Bird Discount:Register on or before 15 March and receive a€ 20 Early Bird Discount for each submitted registration.This trip includes:-All canoeing and camping equipment(safety jackets, tents, stoves, etc.).-Food and drinks(includes fresh food and vegetables).-An experienced canoe and outdoor guide plus a chaperone with each group.10. 소재:Mary Louise BoothMary Louise Booth was born on April 19,1831, in Millville(present-day Yaphank), Long Island, New York.Her parents were William Chatfield Booth, a descendant of John Booth, who in 1652 took title to Shelter Island, off Long Island, and Nancy(Monsell)Booth, granddaughter of a French Revolutionary emigrant.Mary Louise was largely selftaught but was considered to be very intelligent;she was said to have read Plutarch at five and Racine at seven.Around 1845— 46, she taught in the Third District School in Williamsburgh, where her father was principal.At age eighteen she moved to Manhattanwhere she sewed vests during the day and studied and wrote at night. She published without pay until she became a paid reporter for the New York Times, writing on education and women's topics.ratoga, New York, in 1855 and New York City in 1860.11. 소재:음식을 오염시킬 용기 Many containers of our canned soups, beans and soft drinks(A)have/having been found to contain a controversial chemical called bisphenol A(BPA). This chemical can leak out of the can linings into your food. The plastics industry says BPA is harmless, but a growing number of scientists are concluding, through animal animal canimal can leak out of scientists are concluding, throughis chemical can shis chemical can light off this chemical.BPA has been found to leak from bottles.It moves from can liners into foods, soda, and even from epoxy resin-lined barrels into wine.12. 소재:감정적 자극을 활용한 개 훈련 방식 When a dog is trained to detect drugs, explosives, contraband, or other items, the trainer doesn't actually teach the dog how to smell;the dog already knows how an"emotional charge"to a particular 3 scent so that the dog is drawn to it above all others.And then the dog is trained to search out the desired item on cue, so that the trainer can can controling a dog a food treat, since the trainer invests more emotion into a game of tug From a dog's point of view, the tug toy is⑤ uninteresting because the trainer is"upset"by the toy. 13. 소재:Zac의 비겁한 행동 Zac ran up to his dad, Mike, as soon as Mike walked through the door."How was your day, Dad?"he blurted out.Zac was a great kid but not the type who was always looking to butter up an adult.Mike looked at Zac with curiositysurprised by his칭구 ly and polite behavior.He wondered if everything was okay or if 1 he was about to from his wife, Rachel, that Zac was in trouble.As he was about to politel the trampoline story.Mike was more lenient about rough play, so 3 he didn't get quite as upset as Rachel had. Mike watched Zac out of the corner of his eye and could tell④ he was surprised at the detail Rachel was providing.At one point, ⑤ he could see Zac shaking his head back and forth as if to silently say,"I didn't do that or that or even that."14. 소재:무지개를 이루는 색에 대한 Newton의 인식 In a letter written in 1675 to Henry Oldenburg, the secretary of the Royal Society, Newton confessed that his eyes were"not very critical in distinguishing colors."Once he saw eleven in the rainbow. Usually he saw only five ­ red, yellow, green, blue, and violet ­ until he looked again or, rather, untill he stopped looking There were seven 뮤직al notes in the diatonic scale. The world was cre. And the rainbow was a sign of cosmic harmony, so it had to have seven colors— and Newton tss"to"add another hue/Unto the rainbow,"for Newton it was necessary to add two to those he had seen.Our seven-colored rainbow was born, though more as a child of faith than as one of science.15. 소재:정신 에너지 절약을 위한 훈련의 유용성 Much of what we do each day is automatic and guided by habit, requiring little conscious awareness, and that's not a bad thing. As Duhigg explains, our habits are necessary mental energy savers. We need to relieve our conscious minds so we can solve 새 개 problems as they come up Once we' learning to dance the tango, and it's a disaster ━ we need our conscious attention to focus on the steps. Imagine how little we'd accomplish if we had to focus consciously on every behavior— e.g, on where to place our feet for each step we take 16. 소재: 아니게 면한 감정을 적절하게 표현하는 비결 In trying to show the adolescent how to express his feelings of disapproval in an appropriate fashion, I often use the following example.Let's say I ask your opinion of my shirt. Suppose you really do not like it and think it looks terrible. Now, you could respond to me in several different ways. You could tell me, "That shirt looks like garbage. I could just say, "I don't care for that shirt." The same thing has been expressed in three different ways In the first two ways,I am going to read what you're saying as an attack, and will proro.e to respond appropriately.17. 소재: 익숙한 고양이의 야생적 특성 Desmond Morris, a British zoologist, notes in his book Catwatching that"the domestic cat is a contradiction!"Morris describes what he calls the animal's"double life."He feels that domestication has changed the cat very little, that"bot"is neither a man-made species like the dog, nor simply animal made captive for utillitarian purposes, like the elephant." He later asserts that "in behavioural terms, dometication has.the cat than on any other domestic mammal."Mildred Kirk agrees, offering the term"house cat"in favor of"domestic cat,"as the latter does not accurately describe the feline's nature.So people who encounter the cat in daily life may observe that the animal is both domestic and wild, or perhaps somewhere in between.18. 소재:상사 쇼 윈도 역할 Even before we enter the store, display windows, signage, and entrances all express the image of the store and begin to get a person thinking like a consumer.1 In Windows:The Art of Retail Display, Mary Portas sugge"the windows make a visual statement about the store and the character of its customers.3 The windows are a preview of the attractions inside, so they're designed to catch the eye and, eventually, the rest of the the be screened with curtains or other layers to avoid direct view from the outside in. ⑤ They capitalize on what's current and trendy in오메리카 n culture, and they appeal to our desires, both deep and shallow.19. 소재:어른을 위한 놀이라는 개념의 부재 When we're depressed, play can seem like a foreign concept.Sometimes when I ask my depressed clients what they envision when I say the word play, they look at me with a blank stare.B) So I decided to conduct an experiment about play with a number of people I worked with, as well as some family it's different from child's play, which was the only k.C)This finding relates to a common thought of play In a culture that prizes productivity, adult play seems to be defined as a negative, unproductive, self-indulgent activity─ oreven something X-rated.I believe that we need to update our definition of play.20. 소재:공포의 역할 Fear has a dominant role in the primitive hunting age, the agricultural age, the feudal age,the industrial age,the cyber age, the age of atomic weapons, the age of virus, the fear age, and the fearless age (B) In the primitive age, people had simple weapons, but later, they invented guns made of metals. Tes, thunderbolts, rain, hail, snow, and winter during that period. However, they didn't have houses in the primitive age; they began to build houses to protect themselves from such d They did all this for liberation from fear. Pleasure, secured 무료.by human beings.21. 소재:석유와 천연 가스의 지하에서의 이동 Once formed, oil and natural gas do not necessarily stay trapped in the source rocks of their origin.(①)Instead, they can migrate in response to pressure differentials in the surrounding rock.(②)To do so, the source rock must have tiny pores that create pathways for the oil and gas to travel.(3)If the source rock is too fine-grained, then the petroleum material remains captured within the source rock.(4 Often the rock above the petroleum source rock is saturated with water;in this cl the oil and gas encounter a barrier in the form of impermeable rock— rock that is too dense to contain the pores and pathways necessary for further migration.(⑤)Because the gas is lighter than oil, it accumulates above the oil and just beneath the impermeable rock that constitutes a seal and prevents further travel.22. 소재:pictorialism스포츠 In 1890, Kodak introduced a cheap consumer camera that everyone could afford.This put the portrait studios out of business;the세로프게 ly unemployed photographers needed a way to distinguish between what they did and this세로프게 popular photography.(①)The movement of pictorialism was the response, with photographers attempting to imitate the artistic processes of painting:rather than reproducible photos, they worked directly on the negatives and other materials of the process.(2)They presented their works in art galleries, next to paintingswever, art photography remained marginalized;there were no markets, buyers, or collectors, and museums were not interested in adding photos to their collections.)Pictorialism eventually died out with the outbreak of World War I.(⑤)An art form can't survive without a market, places for display, and collectors.23. 소재:상품으로 전락한 수메르인의 평판 We know a great deal about the Sumerians' maths, because, unlike the Egyptians, they didn't use papyrus to record it (papyrus slowly rots away as the moisture in the moisture in the air deal deal deal deal it)ortunately, thousand and even mathematical research.Before the Iraq war, when tourism was still possible, you could buy ancient tablets inscribed with calculations and lists.All tablets, regardless of their size, could be bought for roughly the same price(about$5), so the sellers would break large samples into smaller pieces. The overall loss for historians is hard to calculate, but tragically sad."The Sumerians'tablets, which provided great insight into Sumerize.[24~25]소재:텃새와 철새 서식지의 선택 과정의 차이(타이틀 How Migrants and Residents Differ in Habitat Selection)For migrant yearlings, the habitat-selection process is somewhat different, and in this regard comparison with the process in residents is instructive.Resident-bird habitat selection is seemingly a straightforward process in which a young dispersing individual, pus. Initiallyeeds as well In some cases, the habitat that provides the best opportunity for survival may not be the same habitat as the one that provides for highest reproductive capacity becaus. site, may be forced balance costs to in the form of lower nonbreeding survring the nonbreeding season and for reproduction during the breeding season.Thus, habitat selection during these different periods can be quite different for migrants as opposed to residents, even among closely related species.[26~28]소재:St. Mary's Church의 가짜 벽화(A)In St.Mary's Church at Lubeck in Germany,there were some ancient wall paintings which had deteriorated over the centuries.In 1948, Professor Dietrich Fey was given the task of sensitively restoring them to their former glory.Unfortunately(a)he seriously botched the job and ended up destroying them. The walls were left bare!(C) Embarrassing though this was, it would probably have been best for the professor if he'd admitted his terrible mistake and moved on Instead (c) hee the original frescoes (d) He let him paint what he liked so long as the pictures looked in keeping and suitably old!(B)Using illustrations in an art-history book as a guide, Malsk In 1951, Professor Fey unveiled the fruits of'his work'. Art critics and historians alike were falling overthemselves to praise theese ancient paintings given 신로게 life thanks to (b) his undeniable expertise .. but there were a few puzzling factors, the biggest being a turkey. One of Malskat's much-admired pictures was of such a bird, but turkeys hadn't been introduce to Europelskat broke his silence, announcing that he haduce had paint. him at first ... until he produced photographs of the blank walls after Fey's acident! Only then did the so-called experts notice that the paints used were modern, as was the plaster under them! Nader Both Fey and Malskat ended up in prison and the walls in St.Mary's Church, Lubeck, were stripped bare.3강 test1. 소재:계획된 불길하는 행사 안내, Dear Neighbor, The Forest Preserves of Winnebago County will be conducting spring prescribed burning from now through the end of April.Fall prescribed burning will be conducted from the beginning of October through the end of November A prescribed burn is a management technique used by trained and experienced professionals to control unwanted vegetation Burning is a very economical and efficient managel Protececribed burn is a is a very effical and effical and efficient managel Protecient managel Protecient managel Pro Through the use of prescribed burning we can restore, preserve, and better manage our beautiful forests and prairies. If you need more informationh day.Thank you for your cooperation.Michael GrovesNatural Resource Manager 2. 소재:감방에서 가면 출하는 비결을 모색하는 Aaron(hopeless and desperate)Aaron had searched every inch of the small cell and saw no possibility of escape.The vent down near the floor was about twelve inches across.If he managed to pry off the screen, he still couldn't fit in there Even if he was standing on the bed, he couldn't reach the ceiling to feel for any loose panels. There was a weird metal panel on the wall near the door. It looked like some kind of drawer, rted digging a tunnel.But he was out of luck.3. 소재:사회적 연결과 안정감 인식 사이의 관계 We are social beings, and connection to something greater than ourselves, even if we're simply thinking about it, gives us resilience and makes us feel safe, protected, and at peace.Psychologist Dennis Proffitt at the University of Virginia and his colleagues conducted an experimento see what effect social connection would have on perception. They had some participants stand alone and estimate the slant of a hill, while others stood next to a 칭구구. or visualized a 칭구 next to them. What he found was that when people were accompanied by a친구(or even just visualized being with a친구, they perceived the hill as being less steep.Inclining our minds in a prosocial direction creates connection and helps us to perceive our mountains as molehills— or at least small mountains instead of big mountains.4. 소재:닭을 식용으로 이용할 문제점(경제성과 영양 면에서 효율적이지 않다)According to the US National Chicken Council, it takes just 2 pounds of feed to produce 1 pound of chicken, but this is a live-weight figure.After slaughter, when blood, feathers, and internal organs have been removed, a 5-pound chicken won't produce much more than 3 pounds of meat.That puts the grain-to-meat conversion ratio back up over 3 to 1, including bones and water.So the National Chicken Council's own figures prove that, even with the most efficient form of intensive meat production, if we really want to feed ourselves efficiently, we'll do much better to eat the grain ourselves than to feed it to the chickens. If it is protein, rather than simply calories, we are after, we'll do better still growing soybeans. Although in the past some nutritionists claimed that animal protein is hns and meat.5소재:학습 장애를 가지고 있는 아동에 접근하는 방식(장단점을 포함하고 전부적 취향을 파악)All of us have areas in which we readily learn.A few of us even seem to excel in limited areas with very little apparent learning— thus, the"natural"athlete, the뮤직 al"genius,"the"gifted"artist.All of us also have areas iwhich our abilities will never be more than average and a few areas in which we cannot seem to learn anything Children, adolescents, and adults with learning disabilities.bilities, of course, but also the abilities.What your child can do, and may indeed do well, is just as important as what she or he cannot do, because it is these strengths upon which you must build.6. 소재:상대적 개념의 추구가 가져올 결과 Most parents want to send their children to the best possible schools. Some workers might thus decide to accept a riskier job at a higher wage because that would enable the meet the monthly payments on a house in a better school district.s, the ultimate outcome would be merely to bid up the prices of houses in better school districts.Everyone would end up with less safety, yet no one would achieve the goal that made that trade seem acceptable in the first place.As in a military arms race, when all parties build more arms, none is any more secure than before.7도표 소재:대학 졸업자 및 비의 졸업자 남녀의 기술 수준별 고용 비중 8. 안내문 소재:청소년 리더쉽 캠프 Youth Leadership Camp(YLC)2019 The Singapore Red Cross(SRC)holds a Youth Leadership Camp every year, aimed at grooming the youth to become humanitarian leaders of tomorrow.The programme focuses on areas where youths can discover and explore their potential to develop valuable life-long learning and interest in the Red Cross Movement.Designed for youths of 14-17 years of age, the camp will deliver the following objectives:-Cultivate character, positive attitudes, mental fortitude and humanitarian values-Discover personal strengths and leadership aptitude-Broaden youth's perspectives beyond traditional disciplines to expand on leadership potentials Date:18 to 20 November 2019(Monday to Wednesday)Time:9:30 AM(18 Nov.)to 4:00 PM(20 Nov.)Venue:Red Cross Campsite, 58 Jalan Khairuddin, Singapore 486212Camp Fees:S$60(inclusive of accommodation, meals, camp T-shirt)You can register for YLC 2019 only at www.redcross.sg.Hurry!Spaces are limited!9. 안내문 소재:항공 캠프 Aviation Flight CampThis four-day camp will be held August 2-5,2019 at Snohomish Flying Service.Experience the principles of flight through fun and interactive hands-on activities. ACTIVITIES - Participants will receive flight instruction daily - Students will experience flying in real planes and helicopters - Students will participate in daily field trips. be awarded on the same day.ENROLLMENT-Enrollment is open to students between 11 and 15 years of age.-Space is limited and the flight camp roster fills rapidly;early registration is highly recommended. TUITION-Tuition for the camp is$400.-A non-refundable deposit of$50 is due with registration.-Full payment of the remaining$350 balance is due no later than July 26,2019.For more information about the camp, email us at snohomish_camp@harveyfield.com.10. 소재:Michael Faraday의 일생 Michael Faraday, the father of Electromagnetic Induction, was born in 1791 at Newington, England.He was the son of a blacksmith and worked as an apprentice in bookbinding during his early years.He developed an interest in science after he attended some lectures given by Sir Humphry Davy in 1812.He sent his study notes to Davy with a request for a job. In 1813, he began to work as Davy's assistant at the Royal Institution.One year later,heaccompanied Davy on a European tour. This turned out to be a highly rewarding experience for the modestly educated young scientist After his return to the Royal In. He performed many chemical analyses and investigated the chlorides of carbon for Davy His work resulted in the discovery of benzene in 1825.11. 소재:친환경 에너지 개발과 보급의 필요성 Yes, a certain amount of centrally generated coal-fired power is necessary for Africa or South Asia in the immediate future.Green alternatives are not yet scalable.But if all 1.6 billion people without electricity today were to connect to a power grid based on coal or natural gas or oil, the climate and pollution implications could be devastating When you think how much climate change we have already(A) triggered / been triggered with world's poor, the more we can alleviate one problem(energy poverty)and prevent another 12. 소재:Marshall Plan라는 명칭이 탄생하게 된 배경 An excellent example of the importance of making accurate predictions has to do with the Marshall Plan. After World War II, some staffers in the US State Department had come up with a novel plan designed to 1 avoid the depression that followed most wars.Quite simply, the plan was for the the U. When they suggested this to the President, he 3 rejected the idea of using his name.He sensed that many members of Congress were 4 hostile and would vote down a good idea because his name wood If the original label had been used and Congress had⑤ approved the measure, the world could very well have been worse off today.13. 소재:어머니를 지켜보는 Sheila의 노래 Now Sheila is trying to care for her mother.Her mother still lives in her own home, but Sheila needs to check in on her every evening.Sheila's own children are now grown, and her husband helps 1 her with her mother's캐리어 as well Sheila is finding that her mother really looks forward to Sheila's evening visits and wants to hear all about 2 her day.When Sheila says it is time for her to get home, Sheila's mother bes learned to actively listen to what her mother is saying.She knows that she needs to empathize with her mother. ④ She works hard not to deny her mother's feelings— instead, she asks questions to help her better understand what her mother is saying to her. ⑤ She has figured out that her mother doesn't want her to leave.14. 소재:돈으로 그 후 길고 있는 상징성 Money is frequently described as a symbol, but it is more acurto say that money objects such as coins incorporate a specific type of symbol The stamp on a coin typically consists of two parts that merge the ideas of power and numre However, coins in Lydia were originally stamped on only one side, and for metaphorical convenience we can associate the stamp with heads and the— which have very different properties.15. 소재:일 을 기억하는 것의 어려움 We're sometimes unable to recognise people we've met, let alone recall their name.Most people take this as a sign that they have a bad memory.But this probably not the case.Names can be a particularly hard thing to remember.For one thing,they are abstract and unconnected to the person; while Mr.Baker used to be a baker used to baker used to baker used to baker used to baker used to baker used to baker used to baker used to baker a bakorst possible scenario is being introduced to a large group of people at once Any more than seven people at the same time and your short-term memory will be overloaded.Then there's almost no chance you'll remember them.16. 소재:강력한 리드하는 것의 힘 Mobilizing popular support for policy change becomes much easier if a powerful image comes to symbolize the issue for the public.A brief history of the Cuyahoga River fire in Cleveland illustrates this process.When a short stretch of the Cuyahoga River caught on fire during June 1969, it was only the most recent fire on the river.It had caught on fire at least ten times during the preceding fifty years.Two weeks after the 1969 fire, Time magazine ran a picture of "the river on fire"on the front cover of its weekly edition, and the "river on fire" came to symbolize the terrible environmental conditions prevailing on the nation's waterways.Giverways.Givironmental conditions prevailing on the nation's waterways.he federal government in 1972.17. 소재:두 종류의 인사 의식에 함축된 정치적 의미 It's instructive to compare and contrast two greeting rituals:the handshake, currently the predominant greeting ritual in Western countries, and the hand-kiss, which was popular among European aristocrats in the 18th and 19th centuries(but which has since fallen out of fashion). Both are gestures of trust and 칭구 ship, but they differ in their political implications. Shaking hands is symmetric and fundamentally represents equality; it's a ritual between supposed equals The kisser must press his lips on another person's (potentially germ-riden) hands, while simultaneously lowering his head and possibly kneeling. This gesture is submissive, and when example, would often"invite"their subjects to line up for public kiss-the-ring ceremonies, putting everyone's loyalty and submission on conspicuous display and thereby creating common knowledge of the leader's dominance.18. 소재:스트레스로부터 진정하는 비결 One of the most effective ways to calm down from stress is intimate contact with people you trust anfeel comfortable around.1 When you are in the presence of soft voices, smiles, and familiar faces, your heart rate and breathing slow down, and your sympetic nervous system cools off.2 Accorwhich you are surrounded by those you care for.3 Optimal stress helps stimulate a productive and meaningful life, so without some stress, life becomes empty and lacking in meaningful engagemente who have developed social support from친구 s. ⑤ Interestingly, this does not apply to family during this critical year because one developmental task of beginning college students is to separate from older relatives.19. 소재:발화 방식의 사회화 The evaluation of certain ways of saying something is closely associated with the social status of the people who speak that way. This valuing is not just an individual's decision about the utterance: It is also the society's evaluation of different groups, including their ways of speaking. (B) As They As They As They As They.d in getting the peociety socializes us into viewing one way as proper or correct and the other ways as unacceptable.(C)In a similar way, the communicative effectiveness of I done it or I did it is identical, but we have been socialized into considering only one alternative as correct or proper and the other as incorrect or bad.20. 소재:믹크에서 식품 광고의 시작 Throughout the nineteenth century, many 미국 ns grew a substantial portion of their own food on farms or in gardens. (C)Small general stores catered to those who lived in small communities or who desireas industrialized to those who lived in small communities or who desireas industrialized (industrialized)A) Following the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, food processors and manufacturers prospered as agricultural surpluses flooded the market and technology lowered the costeries((?).n-store promotions.Food advertising became a major source of오메리카 n opinion and action regarding what, when, and how to eat.21. 소재:노래의 종족 정체성 Language, being a strongribal identity by nature, renders음악 also very tribal.One might argue that peoples'language changes from culture to culture, and often, from one country to another.(1)As peopleser arts.)Thus, well-performed dancing from any culture is equally as pleasing to most audiences regardless of culture.(3)However, people grow more keen on the sort of뮤직 they most naturallyng said that, however, of all arts, most people are more intensely affected by their·뮤직 than any other.22. 소재:면화 산업의 복팡지 이동 Why was it that the part of the world that had the least to do with cotton— Europe— created and came to dominate the empire of cotton?Any reasonable observer in, say, 1700, would have expected the world's cotton production to remain centered in India, or perhaps in반도.(①)And indeed, until 1780 these countries produced vastly more raw cotton and cotton textiles than Europe and North오메리카.(②)But then things changed.(③ European capitalists and states, with startling swiftness, moved to the center of the cotton industry.)They used their세로프게 position to ignite an Industrial Revolution.(4)종국. and India, along with many other parts of the world, became ever more subservient to the Europe-centered empire of cotton.(5)These Europeans thendynamic cotton industry as a platform to create other industries;indeed, cotton became the launching pad for the broader Industrial Revolution.23. 소재 정보의 선택적 인지 Our senses grasp an infinitesimally small portion of reality, we assume. Further, our brain organizes the available sensory information or environmental stimuli in order to make sense out of millions of bits and pieces of data. In other words, we perctive what we think we nereffected by our emotional state We ignore what we don't want enjoy, unless ignoringe무료 of him. Otherwise, if not seeing a beggar satisfies our desrception of it, and our understanding and evaluation of what we observe is influenced by our(B)emotions.[24~25]소재:운전자들이 겪는 주의 산만의 유형들 The most obvious distraction while driving is looking away from the driving scene.Gazing at objects whose line of sight is far away from relevant locations has a potential risk that increases depending on the time a driver spends looking away from the traffic scene.The critical time spent looking away depends greatly on the traffic situation:half a second while following a car at a close distance on a winding road may be more critical than 2 seconds while driving on a straight, wide, and empty motorway.Nevertheless, distraction times over 2 seconds are considered unacceptable as general criteria for driving. Of course, you can be distracted even while keeping your eyes on the road. As a driver must prioritize where to search for relevant information, a bad In addition, even while keeping your eyes on the road, cognitive activity can be a source of distraction, thnted ocular fixation due to lack of attention.Missing the brake lights of the car in front or just being unable to react by braking while being involved in a complex thought are examples of looking without really seeing.[26~28]소재:화재 속에서 말들을 구한 충실한 개(A)At the time of the fire, Gilles had thirty-one horses occupying his stalls. When he saw the flames licking the stable roof, Gilles raced to the barn to try to 무료 his horses It t tok Gilles at least five mintes just to coax the first horse out, and he quickly realized he was facing tragedy "Horses have a specific reaction to fire; they want to stay in the stall, "he says, "They're afraid to move" He feared he'd lose all the rest. His dog Popeye was with him. In fact, the dog was always watchful of (a) his owner and of the horsespact, the dog was always watchful of (a) his oways.es quickly opened the next d a single animal - Popeye got seventeen horses out of the stable and onto safe ground((.D) Fortunately, the last horse made it out before the roof collapsed, with Popeye biting its hooveshey left the barn. Later, Popeye went out and rounded the m up after the fi. Popeye They trusted him. It was as if my dog k 새 개 the job wasn't done.(e had to complete the rescue,"Gilles says.(B)Not long after the fire, with TV cue,"(B)ior.And in 2014, Gilles managed to rebuild(b)his stable and get his business up and running again.Though thirteen horses died in the blaze, the seventeen animals Popeye saved(plus the one that Gilles rescued)were enough to keep him going. ​